Our grandnephew, Ryan, turned five years old. Our niece, Jenny, got these great photos of him and I loved them so here is the digital scrapbook page I made for his birthday. This is not your typical birthday page with birthday presents, cake and balloons. I did add some birthday candles but it's more a focus page on him honoring his birthday. These pics are just so representative of him. I adore his little sprinkle of freckles on that adorable nose! The freckles, the sun kissed cheeks, the dirt, the sunshine and green grass, the hair flipping in the breeze and the bottom picture has his thoughtful look with his mouth sort of quirked like he does when he's thinking. Love this little boy!
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Ryan Is Five!
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Cash At The Beach
Evans and Chelsea took Cash to the beach. I loved this picture! Our little grandnephew is so little but he thinks he's so big and he just looks so exhilarated and self confident here. I had the colors from his swim trunks and the background ocean to deal with so I selected grays, beiges, blues and yellows with a smidgen of the bright pink (the pink stripe in his shorts). The sun and sand are not in the picture but I represented them in the yellows and the sand scatter. I used a quote from Jonathon Livingstone Seagull that captures how happy and self confident he looks. Always be yourself little man and feel great about being yourself!
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Brett's Field Day At School
Our grandnephew, Brett, did well in his Field Day sports. His mother said he played hard! Afterwards she took him for a popsicle and snapped this picture. He's grown so much! Here is my digital scrapbook page about his field day. The background of his picture was a bad metal building so I cut it out and put a snazzy background. For colors I chose to use the neon orange in his tshirt, the purple from the background and a neon pink to match his popsicle. The other color was beige blonde from his hair. I chose the background paper because of the colors and yet it has a rough, dragged texture. I used the hexagon stamp and stitching in blonde to go along with the geometric in the background of his picture. I chose daisies and clover because that's what grows in fields and it was "Field Day". The gel frame and looping cord made it fun. I hope I captured the zany, bright fun that he had on his Field Day!
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Little Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr.
I came across a sad story today that I had to share. I was researching one of Stan's lines, the Harris line, when I came across this story. There is no blood relationship to the Cooner family.
To describe the tenuous relationship and how I came to the story, I'll set the stage.
Stan is a descendant of Samuel G. Harris and Tryphena Harris through F. Matthew Harris. But they also had a son named James Coger Harris who married Frances Logan Shell. They had a daughter named Hesterann Catherine Harris who married Thomas M. Whiteside. They had a son named John W. Whiteside who married Sarah Agnes Hamilton. John W. Whiteside died young and she remarried to her sister's husband, Martin Maxwell Wells. Martin had been married to Lenora "Nora" Jeanette Hamilton, Sarah Agnes Hamilton's sister. Martin and Nora had Lenora "Nora" Hamilton Wells who married Francis P. Fishburne Cooner, Sr. and they had little Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr. As you can see, this is not a blood relationship to the Harris line but it was researching the Harris line that I came across the story of little Francis Cooner.
Let's look at his family.
I pointed out earlier that John W. Whiteside died young and his wife married her widowed brother-in-law, Martin Wells. What happened to John W. Whiteside?
John W. Whiteside was born 3/30/1878 in Union County, SC to Thomas M. Whiteside (1830-1905) and Hesterann Catherine Harris (1839-1908). He married Sarah Agnes Hamilton (9/1/1882 in White Oak, Fairfield County, SC to Archibald "Archie" James Hamilton and Eliza Jane Milling; DOD 11/27/1963 in Columbia, Richland County, SC).
John W. Whiteside died 10/27/1916 in a train wreck near Union Station, GA.
Greenwood Daily Journal, Greenwood, SC, 10/28/1916, Pg 4, "Mr. J.W. Whiteside Killed In Railway Accident"
Brother of Mrs. Martin Wells Meets Tragic Death On Georgia Road - Engineer Also Killed
Friends in Greenwood were greatly shocked to learn of the death of Mr. John W. Whiteside in a wreck on the Georgia Road near Union Station, Ga., yesterday morning. He, with the engineer, Mr. David B. Printup, and John Curry, colored, were pinned under the engine and killed.
Mr. Whiteside's remains will arrive tonight on the 7:30 C and W C train from Augusta and will be taken to the home of his sister-in-law, Mrs. Martin Wells, on Park Street. Interment will be made in Edgewood Cemetery Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock.
Engineer Printup was a brother of Mr. Dan Printup, a C and W C engineer who is well known in Greenwood.
The Augusta Chronicle today published the following account of the disaster:
"Passenger train No. 1 on the Georgia Railroad crashed into an open switch about 200 yards this side of Union Point Station Friday morning at 10:30 o'clock, derailing the engine, tender, mail car and baggage coach, and instantly killing Engineer David Printup, Machinist Jno. W. Whiteside, and Fireman John Curry, colored, all of Augusta.
"The three victims were pinned beneath the engine when it turned over, and crushed to death. The baggage car and mail car also turned over, and the Express Messenger B.T. Hubert received a slight cut on the shoulder, but is not seriously injured. The postal clerk, T.N. Colley, escaped uninjured as did the conductor, W.C. Clary.
"The passenger cars did not leave the track and there were no injuries among the passengers.
"The train had left Augusta at 7:30 a.m. bound for Atlanta. The east switch, a short distance this side of Union Point station was supposed to have been closed so that the train would keep on the main line. The fact that the train dashed into the siding instead of keeping to the main line would indicate that the switch was either defective or had been tampered with.
"Anticipating that the switch was closed, the engineer did not slow up when approaching it, thinking his train would keep to the main line; consequently when the engine turned into the siding, without lowering the speed, it was thrown from the track.
"The wrecking crew, which left immediately for the scene of the disaster, accompanied by Superintendent W.S. Brand, learned after reaching Union Point that only an hour before the wreck an engine had passed over the main line without running into the siding, which leads them to the belief that the switch had been tampered with by a careless, irresponsible party.
"Mr. John W. Whiteside, the machinist who was killed in the wreck, had been with the Georgia for a number of years, and was highly regarded by his employers as well as by numerous friends. He was 38 years of age. He resided at 1838 Fenwick Street, with his wife who before her marriage, was Miss Sarah Hamilton, of Greenwood, S.C. There are no children."
FindAGrave.com
John W. Whiteside
Birth: Mar. 30, 1878, Union County, South Carolina, USA
Death: Oct. 27, 1916, Union Point, Greene County, Georgia, USA
Family links:
Parents:
Thomas M. Whiteside (1830 - 1905)
Hester C. Harris Whiteside (1839 - 1908)
Spouse:nSarah Agnes Hamilton Wells (1882 - 1963)
Siblings:
Corrie Whiteside Asbury (____ - 1944)
Calvin Clingman Whiteside (1858 - 1918)
Mary Emma Whiteside Bewley (1860 - 1940)
Elizabeth L Whitesides Sparks (1861 - 1931)
Beulah Whiteside Dorroh (1865 - 1945)
James T Whiteside (1869 - 1919)
Burial: Edgewood Cemetery, Greenwood, Greenwood County, South Carolina, USA
Created by: Share It
Record added: Jan 15, 2013
Find A Grave Memorial# 103612314
Lenora Jeanette Hamilton was born 5/15/1880 in SC to Archibald James Hamilton and Eliza Jane Milling. She married Martin Maxwell Wells who was born 1/29/1877 in Greenwood County, SC. They had 3 children that I'm aware of:
1) Annie Laurie Wells (DOB 2/14/1908 in SC; DOD 9/29/1983 in Richmond County, GA) married George Walker Mobley, Sr.
2) Lenora "Nora" Hamilton Wells (DOB 2/27/1912 in SC; DOD 4/27/1989 in Greenwood County, SC) married Frances P. Fishburne Cooner, Sr. (DOB 12/4/1908 in SC; DOD 5/4/1978 in Greenwood County, SC). They had Lenora Wells Cooner, Agnes Cooner, Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr., Martin Wells Cooner.
3) Josephine "Josie" Ball Wells (DOB 11/25/1914 in Greenwood County, SC; DOD 8/17/2001) married Cronic.
Lenora Jeanette Hamilton died in the Spanish Flu epidemic.
SC Death Certificate #21131, Registration District #23a, Registered #102, Lenora Hamilton Wells, DOD 10/12/1918 in 215 Parks St, Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC
Female, White, Married, DOB 5/15/1880 in SC, 38 yrs old
Father: Archey Hamilton (sic), born in SC
Mother: Alice J. Milling (sic), born in SC
Informant: Sarah A. Whiteside, Greenwood, SC
DOD 10/12/1918 at 8:30 pm
Cause of death: Lobar pneumonia with other contributing factor as influenza
Buried: 10/14/1918 in Edgewood Cemetery
With Martin Wells' wife dead and Sarah Agnes Hamilton Whiteside's husband dead, they were living together in the 1920 U.S. Census along with Sarah's younger sister, Nell Whiteside, and Martin's 3 children. He is listed as a traveling auditor so I would imagine he needed child care and housekeeping and the two sisters pitched in. Eventually he married Sarah Agnes.
1920 U.S. Census of Park Street, Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC,Roll: T625_1694; Page: 6B; Enumeration District: 81; Image: 316, Lines 60-65, "Martin M. Wells"
Martin M. Wells, Head, Owns home free of mortgage, M(ale), W(hite), 43 yrs old, Widowed, Can read and write, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC, Traveling auditor for the railroad
Annie Laurie Wells, Daughter, F, W, 11 yrs old, Attends school, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC
Lenora Wells, Daughter, F, W, 8 yrs old, Attends school, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC
Josie B. Wells, Daughter, F, W, 5 yrs old, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC
Sarah Whiteside, Sister-in-law, F, W, 37 yrs old, Widowed, Can read and write, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC
Nell Whiteside, Boarder, F, W, 21 yrs old, Single, Can read and write, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC, stenographer for lumber company
We will leave Martin and Sarah Agnes Wells now and go to Martin and Lenora Wells' daughter, little Lenora Hamilton Wells. The name of Lenora is repeated in generations so I use the full name. Nora Hamilton Wells was born 2/27/1912 in SC and married Francis P. Cooner (DOB 12/4/1908 in SC). They had 4 known children:
1) Lenora Wells Cooner
2) Agnes Cooner (DOB 10/19/1934 in Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC; DOD 6/13/2015 in Greenwood County, SC) married Robert Benton Nickles.
3) Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr. (DOB 10/26/1936 in Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC; DOD 5/30/1941 in Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC)
4) Martin Wells Cooner
And now we are ready to share the sad, tragic story of what happened to little Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr. who died at just 4 yrs old.
The Index Journal, Greenwood, SC, 6/5/1941, Pg 13, "Negro Boy Does Heroic Deed"
David Ruff Saved Francis Cooner, Jr., From Death In Barn
David Ruff, 13-year-old negro boy, is being given high praise for his heroic attempt last Thursday afternoon to save the life of little Francis Cooner and his success in getting the little boy out of a burning barn at theCooner home near Connie Maxwell Orphanage. Little Francis, four and a half years old, and his younger brother, Martin Wells Cooner, two and a half, sons of Mr. and Mrs. Francis Cooner, were playing in the barn as they often did. A fire starting in a pile of straw soon had the inside of the building a roaring furnace and the younger child ran to safety, but Francis was trapped in the loft. David happened to go to the barn for a drink of ice water, realized immediately the danger and climbed to the roof of the shed with a hatchet and removed a number of weather boards from which Francis escaped, but he already had been badly blistered from the intense heat and injured from the dense smoke and he died the next day. David was modest in talking about his unusual feat for a boy of his age. "I knew Francis couldn't get out and I climbed the fence at the barn and up on the top and I cut off the boards. I heard him crying and saying he was mighty hot. When he got through the hole I cut I helped him down to the ground. I didn't get nervous or scared, but I worked fast." Members of the family have expressed deep appreciation of David's heroic act and will reward him. The story of his valiant efforts also have been reported to the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission for Investigation.
The Index Journal, Greenwood, SC, 5/31/1941, Pg 13, "Cooner Child Dies Of Burns" Funeral Services Tomorrow For Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr.
Little Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs Francis Cooner, died at the Greenwood hospital last night at eight-thirty o'clock from the home of his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. M.M. Wells of 215 Park Street, interment following in Magnolia cemetery. Dr. R.C. Long will be in charge of the rites. Little Francis, an unusually bright and lovable child, was four years of age, having been born on the 26th of October, 1936. Through his sweet and attractive disposition, he had formed a number of little friends in his neighborhood who will miss him greatly. Mrs. Cooner was the former Miss Nora Wells of this city. Mr. Cooner is bookkeeper at the Planters Hardware company. Both are well known throughout the county and their many friends sympathize deeply with them in their loss. Besides his parents, the child is survived by one little brother, Martin Wells Cooner, two sisters, Lenora Wells Cooner and Agnes Hamilton Cooner, his maternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. M.M. Wells, Greenwood, and his paternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. J.R. Cooner, Greenwood. Serving as active pallbearers will be Edward Snead, Henry Ellenberg, John Anderson, Jack Wells, and Jack Anderson. The honorary escort will be composed of a number of his little friends of the Connie Maxwell Orphanage.
My heart just hurt thinking of the poor little boy and his family. And I wanted to know what happened to his rescuer, David Ruff. Unfortunately, I didn't find any more about him. I tried to find a David Ruff born in 1928 living in Greenwood County, SC but had no luck. I guess it's possible that he is still alive at 89 yrs old. Maybe he didn't stay in Greenwood County, SC. Was he even one of the orphans from the Connie Maxwell Orphanage mentioned in the articles? It was next door and it said that little Francis Cooner had friends in the orphanage who were his "honorary escort" at his funeral. Francis' parents are dead now. Francis Cooner, Sr. died 5/4/1978 in Greenwood, SC and his wife, Lenora Hamilton Wells, died 4/27/1989 in Greenwood, SC. I know his sister, Agnes Cooner died in 2015. Lenora Wells Cooner and Martin Wells Cooner may still be alive as I didn't find a death source for them. So maybe his siblings had good, long lives. I'm sure losing little Francis was a horrible experience for them.
To describe the tenuous relationship and how I came to the story, I'll set the stage.
Stan is a descendant of Samuel G. Harris and Tryphena Harris through F. Matthew Harris. But they also had a son named James Coger Harris who married Frances Logan Shell. They had a daughter named Hesterann Catherine Harris who married Thomas M. Whiteside. They had a son named John W. Whiteside who married Sarah Agnes Hamilton. John W. Whiteside died young and she remarried to her sister's husband, Martin Maxwell Wells. Martin had been married to Lenora "Nora" Jeanette Hamilton, Sarah Agnes Hamilton's sister. Martin and Nora had Lenora "Nora" Hamilton Wells who married Francis P. Fishburne Cooner, Sr. and they had little Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr. As you can see, this is not a blood relationship to the Harris line but it was researching the Harris line that I came across the story of little Francis Cooner.
Let's look at his family.
I pointed out earlier that John W. Whiteside died young and his wife married her widowed brother-in-law, Martin Wells. What happened to John W. Whiteside?
John W. Whiteside was born 3/30/1878 in Union County, SC to Thomas M. Whiteside (1830-1905) and Hesterann Catherine Harris (1839-1908). He married Sarah Agnes Hamilton (9/1/1882 in White Oak, Fairfield County, SC to Archibald "Archie" James Hamilton and Eliza Jane Milling; DOD 11/27/1963 in Columbia, Richland County, SC).
John W. Whiteside died 10/27/1916 in a train wreck near Union Station, GA.
Greenwood Daily Journal, Greenwood, SC, 10/28/1916, Pg 4, "Mr. J.W. Whiteside Killed In Railway Accident"
Brother of Mrs. Martin Wells Meets Tragic Death On Georgia Road - Engineer Also Killed
Friends in Greenwood were greatly shocked to learn of the death of Mr. John W. Whiteside in a wreck on the Georgia Road near Union Station, Ga., yesterday morning. He, with the engineer, Mr. David B. Printup, and John Curry, colored, were pinned under the engine and killed.
Mr. Whiteside's remains will arrive tonight on the 7:30 C and W C train from Augusta and will be taken to the home of his sister-in-law, Mrs. Martin Wells, on Park Street. Interment will be made in Edgewood Cemetery Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock.
Engineer Printup was a brother of Mr. Dan Printup, a C and W C engineer who is well known in Greenwood.
The Augusta Chronicle today published the following account of the disaster:
"Passenger train No. 1 on the Georgia Railroad crashed into an open switch about 200 yards this side of Union Point Station Friday morning at 10:30 o'clock, derailing the engine, tender, mail car and baggage coach, and instantly killing Engineer David Printup, Machinist Jno. W. Whiteside, and Fireman John Curry, colored, all of Augusta.
"The three victims were pinned beneath the engine when it turned over, and crushed to death. The baggage car and mail car also turned over, and the Express Messenger B.T. Hubert received a slight cut on the shoulder, but is not seriously injured. The postal clerk, T.N. Colley, escaped uninjured as did the conductor, W.C. Clary.
"The passenger cars did not leave the track and there were no injuries among the passengers.
"The train had left Augusta at 7:30 a.m. bound for Atlanta. The east switch, a short distance this side of Union Point station was supposed to have been closed so that the train would keep on the main line. The fact that the train dashed into the siding instead of keeping to the main line would indicate that the switch was either defective or had been tampered with.
"Anticipating that the switch was closed, the engineer did not slow up when approaching it, thinking his train would keep to the main line; consequently when the engine turned into the siding, without lowering the speed, it was thrown from the track.
"The wrecking crew, which left immediately for the scene of the disaster, accompanied by Superintendent W.S. Brand, learned after reaching Union Point that only an hour before the wreck an engine had passed over the main line without running into the siding, which leads them to the belief that the switch had been tampered with by a careless, irresponsible party.
"Mr. John W. Whiteside, the machinist who was killed in the wreck, had been with the Georgia for a number of years, and was highly regarded by his employers as well as by numerous friends. He was 38 years of age. He resided at 1838 Fenwick Street, with his wife who before her marriage, was Miss Sarah Hamilton, of Greenwood, S.C. There are no children."
FindAGrave.com
John W. Whiteside
Birth: Mar. 30, 1878, Union County, South Carolina, USA
Death: Oct. 27, 1916, Union Point, Greene County, Georgia, USA
Family links:
Parents:
Thomas M. Whiteside (1830 - 1905)
Hester C. Harris Whiteside (1839 - 1908)
Spouse:nSarah Agnes Hamilton Wells (1882 - 1963)
Siblings:
Corrie Whiteside Asbury (____ - 1944)
Calvin Clingman Whiteside (1858 - 1918)
Mary Emma Whiteside Bewley (1860 - 1940)
Elizabeth L Whitesides Sparks (1861 - 1931)
Beulah Whiteside Dorroh (1865 - 1945)
James T Whiteside (1869 - 1919)
Burial: Edgewood Cemetery, Greenwood, Greenwood County, South Carolina, USA
Created by: Share It
Record added: Jan 15, 2013
Find A Grave Memorial# 103612314
Lenora Jeanette Hamilton was born 5/15/1880 in SC to Archibald James Hamilton and Eliza Jane Milling. She married Martin Maxwell Wells who was born 1/29/1877 in Greenwood County, SC. They had 3 children that I'm aware of:
1) Annie Laurie Wells (DOB 2/14/1908 in SC; DOD 9/29/1983 in Richmond County, GA) married George Walker Mobley, Sr.
2) Lenora "Nora" Hamilton Wells (DOB 2/27/1912 in SC; DOD 4/27/1989 in Greenwood County, SC) married Frances P. Fishburne Cooner, Sr. (DOB 12/4/1908 in SC; DOD 5/4/1978 in Greenwood County, SC). They had Lenora Wells Cooner, Agnes Cooner, Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr., Martin Wells Cooner.
3) Josephine "Josie" Ball Wells (DOB 11/25/1914 in Greenwood County, SC; DOD 8/17/2001) married Cronic.
Lenora Jeanette Hamilton died in the Spanish Flu epidemic.
SC Death Certificate #21131, Registration District #23a, Registered #102, Lenora Hamilton Wells, DOD 10/12/1918 in 215 Parks St, Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC
Female, White, Married, DOB 5/15/1880 in SC, 38 yrs old
Father: Archey Hamilton (sic), born in SC
Mother: Alice J. Milling (sic), born in SC
Informant: Sarah A. Whiteside, Greenwood, SC
DOD 10/12/1918 at 8:30 pm
Cause of death: Lobar pneumonia with other contributing factor as influenza
Buried: 10/14/1918 in Edgewood Cemetery
With Martin Wells' wife dead and Sarah Agnes Hamilton Whiteside's husband dead, they were living together in the 1920 U.S. Census along with Sarah's younger sister, Nell Whiteside, and Martin's 3 children. He is listed as a traveling auditor so I would imagine he needed child care and housekeeping and the two sisters pitched in. Eventually he married Sarah Agnes.
1920 U.S. Census of Park Street, Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC,Roll: T625_1694; Page: 6B; Enumeration District: 81; Image: 316, Lines 60-65, "Martin M. Wells"
Martin M. Wells, Head, Owns home free of mortgage, M(ale), W(hite), 43 yrs old, Widowed, Can read and write, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC, Traveling auditor for the railroad
Annie Laurie Wells, Daughter, F, W, 11 yrs old, Attends school, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC
Lenora Wells, Daughter, F, W, 8 yrs old, Attends school, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC
Josie B. Wells, Daughter, F, W, 5 yrs old, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC
Sarah Whiteside, Sister-in-law, F, W, 37 yrs old, Widowed, Can read and write, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC
Nell Whiteside, Boarder, F, W, 21 yrs old, Single, Can read and write, Born in SC, Both parents born in SC, stenographer for lumber company
We will leave Martin and Sarah Agnes Wells now and go to Martin and Lenora Wells' daughter, little Lenora Hamilton Wells. The name of Lenora is repeated in generations so I use the full name. Nora Hamilton Wells was born 2/27/1912 in SC and married Francis P. Cooner (DOB 12/4/1908 in SC). They had 4 known children:
1) Lenora Wells Cooner
2) Agnes Cooner (DOB 10/19/1934 in Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC; DOD 6/13/2015 in Greenwood County, SC) married Robert Benton Nickles.
3) Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr. (DOB 10/26/1936 in Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC; DOD 5/30/1941 in Greenwood, Greenwood County, SC)
4) Martin Wells Cooner
And now we are ready to share the sad, tragic story of what happened to little Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr. who died at just 4 yrs old.
The Index Journal, Greenwood, SC, 6/5/1941, Pg 13, "Negro Boy Does Heroic Deed"
David Ruff Saved Francis Cooner, Jr., From Death In Barn
David Ruff, 13-year-old negro boy, is being given high praise for his heroic attempt last Thursday afternoon to save the life of little Francis Cooner and his success in getting the little boy out of a burning barn at theCooner home near Connie Maxwell Orphanage. Little Francis, four and a half years old, and his younger brother, Martin Wells Cooner, two and a half, sons of Mr. and Mrs. Francis Cooner, were playing in the barn as they often did. A fire starting in a pile of straw soon had the inside of the building a roaring furnace and the younger child ran to safety, but Francis was trapped in the loft. David happened to go to the barn for a drink of ice water, realized immediately the danger and climbed to the roof of the shed with a hatchet and removed a number of weather boards from which Francis escaped, but he already had been badly blistered from the intense heat and injured from the dense smoke and he died the next day. David was modest in talking about his unusual feat for a boy of his age. "I knew Francis couldn't get out and I climbed the fence at the barn and up on the top and I cut off the boards. I heard him crying and saying he was mighty hot. When he got through the hole I cut I helped him down to the ground. I didn't get nervous or scared, but I worked fast." Members of the family have expressed deep appreciation of David's heroic act and will reward him. The story of his valiant efforts also have been reported to the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission for Investigation.
The Index Journal, Greenwood, SC, 5/31/1941, Pg 13, "Cooner Child Dies Of Burns" Funeral Services Tomorrow For Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr.
Little Francis Fishburne Cooner, Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs Francis Cooner, died at the Greenwood hospital last night at eight-thirty o'clock from the home of his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. M.M. Wells of 215 Park Street, interment following in Magnolia cemetery. Dr. R.C. Long will be in charge of the rites. Little Francis, an unusually bright and lovable child, was four years of age, having been born on the 26th of October, 1936. Through his sweet and attractive disposition, he had formed a number of little friends in his neighborhood who will miss him greatly. Mrs. Cooner was the former Miss Nora Wells of this city. Mr. Cooner is bookkeeper at the Planters Hardware company. Both are well known throughout the county and their many friends sympathize deeply with them in their loss. Besides his parents, the child is survived by one little brother, Martin Wells Cooner, two sisters, Lenora Wells Cooner and Agnes Hamilton Cooner, his maternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. M.M. Wells, Greenwood, and his paternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. J.R. Cooner, Greenwood. Serving as active pallbearers will be Edward Snead, Henry Ellenberg, John Anderson, Jack Wells, and Jack Anderson. The honorary escort will be composed of a number of his little friends of the Connie Maxwell Orphanage.
My heart just hurt thinking of the poor little boy and his family. And I wanted to know what happened to his rescuer, David Ruff. Unfortunately, I didn't find any more about him. I tried to find a David Ruff born in 1928 living in Greenwood County, SC but had no luck. I guess it's possible that he is still alive at 89 yrs old. Maybe he didn't stay in Greenwood County, SC. Was he even one of the orphans from the Connie Maxwell Orphanage mentioned in the articles? It was next door and it said that little Francis Cooner had friends in the orphanage who were his "honorary escort" at his funeral. Francis' parents are dead now. Francis Cooner, Sr. died 5/4/1978 in Greenwood, SC and his wife, Lenora Hamilton Wells, died 4/27/1989 in Greenwood, SC. I know his sister, Agnes Cooner died in 2015. Lenora Wells Cooner and Martin Wells Cooner may still be alive as I didn't find a death source for them. So maybe his siblings had good, long lives. I'm sure losing little Francis was a horrible experience for them.
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Katie Had A Hectic Day
Our niece, Katie, has a newborn about 3 weeks old and a toddler who is learning potty training. She made a comment on Facebook about what a hectic day she had on her first day by herself with both children. Her husband had returned to work so it was her first day with both children by herself. She said the morning went smoothly but the afternoon had the baby crying and her toddler overflowing the commode as she used the potty for the first time for #2 and flushed it 8 times before Katie was aware it was overflowing. She handled it great and her family and friends were leaving funny comments and encouragements on Facebook and I had to find some way to scrap this funny story!
I used a photo of her toddler with her hair all messy from playing and a photo of her newborn, Blaire. But how to incorporate the overflowing commode and the hectic life of a mother with 2 small children. So I did some searches among clipart and found 4 to use. One was an overflowing commode, the second was a toddler unrolling toilet paper, the third was a crying baby and the fourth was a vintage mother in dress and heels cleaning. I pulled them up in Adobe Photoshop Elements. I colored in and cut out the parts of the cartoon clip art I wanted to use and pasted them on my paper. I used Adobe masks for Reagan's photo and the aqua cloud paper. I copied all the fun Facebook comments for the journaling. I used doodled elements and messy stitch elements to try to give it the messy look. I'm really proud of the result. I think I captured the whole sense I was looking for. Even the vintage "Mom" in her ruffled apron, dress and heels was a response to how people tend to think mother's can do it all and be gorgeous and perfect too. Of course, my niece, is gorgeous, sweet and keeps up with a full time job as an elementary school teacher (she was Teacher of the Year last year), being a mother and keeping up their nice home (with the help of her wonderful husband, Dustin, of course). So although she probably doesn't clean the commode while wearing a dress, heels and ruffled, starched apron, she comes close! We love you Katie!
I used a photo of her toddler with her hair all messy from playing and a photo of her newborn, Blaire. But how to incorporate the overflowing commode and the hectic life of a mother with 2 small children. So I did some searches among clipart and found 4 to use. One was an overflowing commode, the second was a toddler unrolling toilet paper, the third was a crying baby and the fourth was a vintage mother in dress and heels cleaning. I pulled them up in Adobe Photoshop Elements. I colored in and cut out the parts of the cartoon clip art I wanted to use and pasted them on my paper. I used Adobe masks for Reagan's photo and the aqua cloud paper. I copied all the fun Facebook comments for the journaling. I used doodled elements and messy stitch elements to try to give it the messy look. I'm really proud of the result. I think I captured the whole sense I was looking for. Even the vintage "Mom" in her ruffled apron, dress and heels was a response to how people tend to think mother's can do it all and be gorgeous and perfect too. Of course, my niece, is gorgeous, sweet and keeps up with a full time job as an elementary school teacher (she was Teacher of the Year last year), being a mother and keeping up their nice home (with the help of her wonderful husband, Dustin, of course). So although she probably doesn't clean the commode while wearing a dress, heels and ruffled, starched apron, she comes close! We love you Katie!
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Savannah Got A Haircut For The Summer
Our grandniece, Savannah, had long hair when school got out. But it's hot here and her mother took her for a haircut so it's at her shoulders and she took some before and after photos. She was wearing a pink flamingo shirt so I went with that for the theme. Here is the digital scrapbook page I did of her haircut.
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Will Is So Handsome
Our grandnephew, Will, is adorable. But he's going to be someone's heart throb as he is so goodlooking. His mother snapped this photo with her cell phone and the quality wasn't very good (as in a small size file so not enough pixels to make it good and sharp). So I gave it a little glow and kept it small on the page so it wouldn't pixelate. I used a fade in from the side in Adobe Photoshop Elements graphic frames. I used some overlays over the cloud paper for the distressed look. I used white cloud stitching to sort of emboss it. Then I used the elements for the vignettes. Considering the low quality of the original picture file, I think I was able to catch the effect I was looking for.
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Jenny And Her Son, Brett
Our niece, Jenny, took this selfies with their eldest son, Brett. For the journaling I used her words from Facebook, "This boy has my heart." I wanted a winsome look. I saw the idea of using the paint spray and blocking out the shapes of the butterflies on another layout on the Internet and thought it would display what I was looking for. I'm pleased with the outcome.
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Catching Fireflies
Our niece, Jenny, and her 3 children came from California for a summer visit to SC to see her family. Her brother, Luke, and his 2 children, along with Jenny and her 3 went out to catch fireflies one evening. The photos my sister took were a little too far away so I decided to use digital scrapbooking to re-create the memory. I used masks, lightening bugs, jars, stamps, stitching, moon/stars embellishments, and word art. I like the result.
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Suicide In The Eyes Of God
Suicide means to take one's own life. There is a difference between making the choice to kill yourself and choosing self sacrifice to save others, For instance, someone going on a suicide mission to try to save someone else's life or a soldier falling on a grenade to save his buddies. Jesus Christ gave His life to save us and He said,
"This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you. Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends." (John 15:12-13 King James Version - KJV)
"No one takes [my life] from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again. This charge I have received from my Father” (John 10:18).
What we are talking about, though, is suicide by choosing to self murder. The very simple definition - to take one's own life - gives us the hint of what is wrong with suicide. You see, God created us and breathed His very Life into us to quicken our bodies. He, and He alone, should be the one that makes the decision when life is given and when life is over. We are NOT our own. I may be living this life but it is God who created and made me and gave me life. I am not my own and it is not for me to make a decision like that. I cannot see the future, I am not wise enough, I cannot take into account or control all the variables that go along with a decision like that. I'm severely limited in my views and in my wisdom so I shouldn't be making decisions about life and death.
Psalm 31:14-15 (CEV) But I trust you, LORD, and I claim you as my God. (15) My life is in your hands. Save me from enemies who hunt me down.
Job 1:20-22 (CEV) When Job heard [the news of the death of all his children], he tore his clothes and shaved his head because of his great sorrow. He knelt on the ground, then worshiped God (21) and said: "We bring nothing at birth; we take nothing with us at death. The LORD alone gives and takes. Praise the name of the LORD!" (22) In spite of everything, Job did not sin or accuse God of doing wrong.
If I decide to take my own life, I've consciously decided that what God has made and what God is doing is not good enough and I can do better. I believe that I'm in a better position to judge what should and should not be done and I've taken matters into my own hand. I.e. I want to become God! I want to make life and death decisions! When you see it written like that, it is a little shocking. Or it was to me. I hadn't really thought of it like that before. Of course, I don't have the attributes of God. I am not all-seeing and all knowing (omniscient) and I certainly don't have the supernatural power (omnipotent) of God. I can't see into the future. I can't know the grand scheme of things or the big picture. So who am I to take matters away from God, and into my own hands, as though I can do it better than God!?!
I'VE decided God isn't doing it right and isn't good enough or powerful enough. I'VE decided that I can do better than God. I'M able to judge matters better than God. I will take matters into my own hand. Notice the "I", "I", "I"? When it's all about me, me, me, we see how very selfish it is. If I'm spending my time commiserating over how awful my life is, how unworthy I am, how ugly I am, how fat I am, how nobody loves me or could ever love me, how pitiful my life is, how I never do anything right.... Then you see all the "I"s? There goes that selfishness! It may be in self-loathing, but it's still self absorption. You have set yourself in the center of your life and now you go around your little Self Idol and critique it from every vantage point. Your focus becomes yourself and all your pain or suffering or how you don't measure up to.... WHAT?!?
Whenever you tell yourself, "I'm ugly" you are really saying, "According to MY criteria, I don't measure up. God did something wrong when He made me. I'm a God-failure. God failed when He made me. God isn't smart enough, loving enough or powerful enough to do it right and I'm the result of God's failure."
Whenever you say, "I'm worthless" you are really saying, "God made a big mistake in dying for me to save me because I'm worthless. I wasn't worth the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross. God made a mistake in making me to start with. God must have messed up when He made me because I can't see any purpose or reason for me to live. God isn't smart enough, loving enough or powerful enough to have foreseen that I'd be a worthless failure, of no use to anyone."
We, ourselves as individuals, and collectively as the human race, do not have the right or the intellectual ability to make the criteria to judge who is ugly, worthless or a failure! Who are we to decide that only petite, young, blonde, blue eyed women with certain measurements are the correct criteria for perfection? Who are we to decide that everyone else, that doesn't meet OUR criteria for beauty and perfection, are ugly? Who was Hitler to decide that Germanic people of a certain type were the perfection of humanity and everybody else was a mongrel that deserved to be executed into extinction? Who do we think we are? God?!? That's right, we think we are God when we begin to rate people, or measure people, against our own ideas of "perfection". It's pride and arrogance. When a young man says a woman is a "10" or a woman is a "bitch", then he is saying, "I'm God and I've decided that this woman is my idea of perfection or this woman is lower than a female dog!" When a young woman calls a man a "hunk" or a "s.o.b." then she's really saying, "I'm God and I've decided that this man is my idea of perfection and this other man is lower than a dog's pup." When a black person sees a black person with dark, ebony skin as "more black" than a person with light, coffee colored skin, they are really saying, "I'm God and I've decided that blacker skin fits my criteria for blackness and anyone with lighter skin is not up to my idea of perfection." When a white person sees white people as the children of God but black people (or any other color or race) as something less than human perfection, then what they are really saying is, "I'm God and I've decided that only white skin is ideal and all other colors and races are less than." It can go on and on. Young to old and old to young, Republicans to Democrats and Democrats to Republicans, male to female and female to male, rich to poor and poor to rich, etc. If we make a standard and judge others against our standards, we have set ourselves up as God. Who do we think we are? Do I really think, because I meet my criteria, that I'm successful and more valuable than anyone else? Do I really think, because I don't meet the world's criteria of success or beauty, that I'm worthless? Do I really think because I meet, or don't meet, any human beings', myself included, rating system of perfection that I'm a thumb's up or a thumb's down?!?
I hope I'm getting my thoughts across at how very stupid, silly and harmful it is to rate ourselves, or someone else, with human standards of perfection. We are NOT God. We don't have the capability of knowing all that is involved in a single person's life, even our own. So we should never judge another person by human standards and decide whether or not they are considered valuable, beautiful, intelligent, successful, or worth saving. God is not a respecter of persons. I.e., He doesn't see any human being as being less deserving, or more deserving, of His love. John Doe may be a billionaire but that doesn't make him more deserving of God's love. Jane Doe may be a beauty, according to human standards, but that doesn't make her more deserving of God's loving attention. On the other hand, George Anyman may be as ugly as homemade sin in our eyes but it doesn't matter to God, He still loves ole George the same as He loves "beautiful" Jane Doe. We are equally valuable to God. We are equally loved by God. He died for us all, not just some of us. None of us is superior, or inferior, in God's eyes. This goes for ourselves. So many of us have a running voice within us that says we are inferior, we are ugly, we are fat, we are worthless, we are not good enough, blah, blah, blah.
I can honestly say that I was raised by wonderful parents and had wonderful, supportive, loving extended family. They are not the cause of my depression and suicidal thoughts. I couldn't have had better people in my family or a more loving and protected environment. And yet, I hear that running voice in my head all the time that says I'm inferior, ugly, unlovable, not good enough, letting everyone down, etc. Many, if not all of us, are familiar with that. I think it's roots are from satan who loves for us to think like that. Imagine the Creator of the Universe has personally created a masterpiece of art with His own talented and capable hands. Then this Master Artist puts the last touch and detail on His work and leans forward and breathes His own life into it. Do you really think that this Artist has made a mistake in making His Art? Breathing His very Life into it? Of course, not! But satan wants us to think we are failures. It's his attempt to hurt the Master Artist and Creator and destroy the created masterpiece! If we could just see humanity with God's eyes and through the lens of His love, we would recognize how very perfect, beautiful and valuable we ALL are.
Satan has planted those thoughts in our heads using our own low self esteem or using others to voice it over us. And once it's planted, we really tend to run with it and soon it becomes our mantra and it's ingrained very deeply. We think that somehow we are damaged goods, not worth God's love. With that constant mantra running through our minds we become seriously warped in our thinking and it comes out in all kinds of ways. But the most serious and lasting is suicide. Once you've killed yourself, there is no coming back from it. There is no do-over. God is the only one who has the right and the necessary qualifications to decide life and death. When we wrest it from His Hands, we tend to create our own Frankensteins, our own monsters.
One last word picture. Let's take Michelangelo's masterpiece of sculpture called the Pieta of the Mother Mary cradling her crucified son and Savior in her arms. It is made of Carrara marble and was done 1498-1499 B.C. It is the only sculpture that Michelangelo signed! It is located at St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City in Italy. Think of the millions of dollars it has taken to house, maintain, repair and keep secure this masterpiece over the last 518 years! The details are exquisite and you can do a whole doctoral thesis on how it was made, what was Michelangelo doing and thinking as he made it, why details were included or excluded, etc, etc. Now imagine someone who hates this sculpture. He hates Michelangelo for making it. He hates that it's a sculpture of Mary and Jesus. He hates the Christian religion. He hates Italy. He hates the Roman Catholic Church. He hates that money is spent on keeping this sculpture. He hates Carrara marble. He hates art. So he takes a grenade into St. Peter's Basilica and places it in the lap of Christ. In 60 seconds the grenade goes off and reduces the statue into dust. How shocked and angered do you think the world would be? Does the thought shock you? Now see this as we are to God. God is our Artist. God created us. God has a reason and a thought behind every detail of our bodies, our minds, our family situation, our environment, our everything. We are His masterpiece and He has taken great care and expense, even to the cost of the death of His Son Jesus Christ, to keep us from destruction and eternal damnation. He has placed us where we need to be and allowed environmental things into our life to shape us much like a tool in the hands of a master. He is finishing us, polishing us, making us perfect according to HIS standards. But there is one who hates God, one who hates us because we are made by God and in God's image. There is one who hates the very thought of who we are, why we were made, and what we represent. There is one who wishes to destroy us to hurt the Master. This one is satan. He plants destructive thoughts in our heads and given time, the bomb can go off and we destroy ourselves.
One of the Ten Commandments is, "Thou shalt not murder." (Exodus 20:13) This includes self murder. So suicide is a sin. Let us be clear: volitional, willful suicide is sin. I'm not talking about self sacrifice (as I stated above) and I'm not talking about someone who has become so insane that they can no longer determine right from wrong any more. I'm talking about willful, volitional suicide. The deliberate choice to take our life away from God and end it on your own terms. It is sin. It is sin because it is murder. It is sin because it's putting yourself in God's place and making decisions only He can make which is pride. It is sin because it is selfish. It is sin because it affects others and puts them through hell. Someone has to deal with what you've done to yourself and it can be devastating. It can plant those ideas in other minds and they may think it's a good way out for them too. Sometimes it seems suicide repeats in a family, a group of friends or a community because it plants that idea as a way out of their own painful situation.
1 Corinthians 6:19-20 (Contemporary English Version - CEV) You surely know that your body is a temple where the Holy Spirit lives. The Spirit is in you and is a gift from God. You are no longer your own. (20) God paid a great price for you. So use your body to honor God.
I wish you could understand how hard this lesson is for me. I've struggled with depression all my life, even as a child. And suicidal ideation has been a big struggle for me. I want to take matters into my own hand. I want to decide when, how and where I die. I don't know why I suffer this weakness but suffer it I have. So this is stepping on my own toes and is a bitter pill for me to swallow. This is a hard lesson and not one that I'm enjoying studying but it's necessary and, I hope, effective in renewing my own mind and encouraging me to let go and let God handle my end. I confess to you that I suffer and wrestle with this almost daily and have 3 times attempted to take my life. Two times were more halfhearted attempts but the last one was serious. I have prayed to die more times than I can account for. I have imagined, planned, and toyed with the idea too often and, when I'm in my right mind, I'm thoroughly ashamed of myself. It's selfish, it's sinful. And I don't have problems like some of you may have. Someone from the outside looking in would think my life has been wonderful and full of great blessing. That's why I can't account for it, other than satan's attempts to destroy me. I haven't suffered the death of a child, or my home destroyed in a war zone. I haven't suffered being human trafficked or born in a third world country. I haven't starved or been abandoned. I don't have problems like some people have had problems. Don't get me wrong, I've had problems but not enough to account for my depression and suicidal despair. Of course, there I go again, using human standards to make judgments and measure myself against. Let's just say that I'm ashamed that I've had this weakness and it's an ongoing struggle and this lesson pill has been bitter to swallow but I hope brings healing to me or to someone else.
Suicide almost always occurs in response to suffering or anticipated suffering. But we can't know the future and God can do miracles! How many times I've thought, "I can't take any more." But I wake up the next morning and the sun is out. I made it and I've made it for 58 years so far. I even find myself laughing at a joke or feeling great love when the night before I thought I couldn't take any more. We've all gone through a bad time but wake up the next morning feeling better. So we shouldn't make such a permanent decision when we don't know tomorrow.
So let's look at this subject of suicide from other angles. Let me point you to a lesson I did on Elijah and Depression. There are some things we can do to help ourselves when we feel as though we are falling into a depressive state. I looked at Elijah and his depression and how God helped him through it.
by Ferdinand Bol
Don't make a fatal decision impulsively. When we are exhausted, mentally, physically and spiritually, we can become depressed. And depression is further exhausting. So we need to be sure that we take time to rest. We also need to be sure that we are eating and eating nutritionally or getting vitamins. And we need to spend quality time in dialogue with God in prayer. Read the Word and pray. Don't skip your devotions because you are too depressed. That's the time you need it the most! See it as a spiritual vitamin that can re-energize you. Depression can also be triggered by chemical imbalances or malfunctions in our body and brain. Sometimes this means we need medication and we need to be sure we are taking it correctly, as prescribed by our doctor. Don't take it one day, skip it 4 days, take it 2 days and skip it again. That just makes matters more unstable in your body. Take it as prescribed. Give it some time for your body to get used to and then decide whether or not it's working. If you are still having episodes, if you are still not able to function normally, if you are still having anxiety attacks, etc. then go back to the doctor and try something else or adjusting the dosage, whatever. Use good commonsense. Once you've gotten good rest, good food and are taking your medications as prescribed, then think about exercise. You need to be sure you are exercising enough to be in decent shape but don't overdo it as the results can be exhaustion, depletion and more depression. Keep in balance. At first, it may just be walking to the end of your street and back. But you are moving. That's what is important. Slowly increase until you are feeling more normal. Next is to make sure you are not isolating yourself too much. When we hurt, we tend to curl up and cocoon. We just want to wallow in our self pity (ouch!) and curl up and die. Leave us alone, please. But we need to reach out and do something for someone else. Our selfishness isolates us. We need to make a decision to reach out even if it's in baby steps at first. Make an encouraging phone call without talking about your problems to the person you call. Mail a card of encouragement. Make a donation to someone in need. Make a dinner for a family member who is overwhelmed at the moment. Slowly re-engage in other people. These are things I observed and discussed in Elijah's story.But let's look at other people in the Bible who committed suicide.
King Saul
1 Samuel 31:1-6 (CEV) Meanwhile, the Philistines were fighting Israel at Mount Gilboa. Israel's soldiers ran from the Philistines, and many of them were killed. (2) The Philistines closed in on Saul and his sons, and they killed his sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua. (3) The fighting was fierce around Saul, and he was badly wounded by enemy arrows. (4) Saul told the soldier who carried his weapons, "Kill me with your sword! I don't want those worthless Philistines to torture me and make fun." But the soldier was afraid to kill him. Saul then took out his own sword; he stuck the blade into his stomach, and fell on it. 5) When the soldier knew that Saul was dead, he killed himself in the same way. (6) Saul was dead, his three sons were dead, and the soldier who carried his weapons was dead. They and all his soldiers died on that same day.
An Amalekite witnessed the suicide. Either Saul was still alive after falling on his sword and the Amalekite finished him off or he fabricated the story of killing King Saul thinking he would be rewarded (2 Samuel 1).
Out of fear, Saul chose to end his life, rather than face the future being taken prisoner. He had every reason to fear based on his own reasoning, experience and stories. He knew what could happen to him. But the one thing he took out of the equation was his God! He made a decision based on his own logic. It made perfect sense to him that he would face torture, imprisonment or execution, feeling abandoned and alone, feeling responsible. He already suffered depression and had for a very long time. Things looked impossible. And, from a human standpoint... oh, that limited, imperfect standpoint... he was right. But that's the whole problem. We take God out of the equation and then make a "solution" by ourself based on our faulty logic and anticipation of the future which we are not privy to. God is the only one who knows the future, understands all the parameters perfectly and has the power to do the supernatural. When his armor-bearer refused to kill King Saul, at his request, he took his own life by falling on his sword. Hopelessness and terror, took over in his heart and this assistant to the king impulsively took his life as well. This was an impulse suicide, copying what King Saul did. Many people take their own life because someone else near them has done it. Teenagers killing themselves when one of their friends do it. Someone in the family following suit after one of their loved ones commits suicide. They are in shock, grieving, dealing with emotions they aren't used to and then they think suicide is an option for them too. They think it is a solution to the pain, confusion and depression they are experiencing. But, again, this leaves God out of it. But He's the only one that can understand and actually do something about it. We can go to God in prayer. We can dialogue with Him and express our true feelings. It's not something He doesn't already know. We can cry in His arms and let Him bring release to our fears. We can trust Him. He will either calm the storm or calm His child. He will make a way where there is no way or He will use the situation to bring greater things in our life. He has the power to do what needs to be done. It may be a miracle that turns everything around. Or it may be that He knows we must walk through the hard place but He is with us and will use it to our best interest in the long run if we will let Him do His work in us.
Judas Iscariot
Remorse of Judas and Crucifixion fresco, by Giovanni Canavesio, 1491 (Alamy)
Matthew 27:3-10 (ISV) Then Judas, who had betrayed him, regretted what had happened when he saw that Jesus was condemned. He brought the 30 pieces of silver back to the high priests and elders, (4) saying, "I have sinned by betraying innocent blood." But they replied, "What do we care? Attend to that yourself." (5) Then he flung the pieces of silver into the sanctuary and went outside. Then he went away and hanged himself. (6) The high priests picked up the pieces of silver and said, "It is not lawful to put this into the Temple treasury, because it is blood money." (7) So they decided to use the money to buy the Potter's Field as a burial ground for foreigners. (8) That is why that field has been called the Field of Blood to this day. (9) Then what had been declared through the prophet Jeremiah was fulfilled when he said, "They took the 30 pieces of silver, the value of the man on whom a price had been set by the Israelis, (10) and they gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord commanded me."
In great despair and guilt after betraying Christ, Judas chose suicide. His story is probably the most well-known account of a suicide in the Bible. He was a disciple, he walked with Jesus, was close to him. How could he betray Jesus for money and then hanged himself? Evidently, Judas had not known and accept Jesus Christ as the Messiah and his own Savior. It's possible for human beings to attend church all their lives and know the stories in the Bible and even memorize verses but still not be converted. They may claim to be a Christian but not truly had an experience with Christ. It's "window dressing". For whatever their reason, they feel compelled to be attached to church and believers but haven't given their hearts to Christ. It's become a club, a social club, with their friends, a support system but not a belief system. They pay tithes as though it were club dues not because their heart wants to give generously out of gratitude to God. They may say all the right things but it's only skin deep. It's a religion and not a relationship. Judas may have been like this. Then, when he came to a realization of what he had done, he saw his world crumbling apart. He lost his friends, his mission, his goals, his job, his source of money, his ambitions. He had thought, if Jesus was the Messiah, that Jesus would take over the world and rule as King and Judas would have a powerful position in the world kingdom. Much like campaign workers and large donators in a presidential campaign would expect a cabinet position if their candidate becomes President. Judas realized Jesus wasn't going to take over the world. He was seeing his ambitions crumble. He had been greedy and was seeing that Jesus was not going to give him an opportunity to rake in money. Judas had an option. He could have used this personal crises to repent and cling to God, accepting His mercy. But instead of repenting and seeking forgiveness after betraying Christ, he killed himself. He still could not trust God. He could not trust Jesus or that God could and would forgive him. Because of his lack of faith, he allowed the great burden of sin to lead him to this terrible end.
John 6:64 (ERV) But some of you don't believe." (Jesus knew the people who did not believe. He knew this from the beginning. And he knew the one who would hand him over to his enemies.)
John 6:70-71 (ERV) Then Jesus answered, "I chose all twelve of you. But one of you is a devil."He was talking about Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot. Judas was one of the twelve apostles, but later he would hand Jesus over to his enemies.
John 12:5-6 (ERV) "That perfume was worth a full year's pay. It should have been sold, and the money should have been given to the poor people."But Judas did not really care about the poor. He said this because he was a thief. He was the one who kept the moneybag for the group of followers. And he often stole money from the bag.
John 17:12 (ERV, parenthesis mine) While I was with them (the twelve Disciples), I kept them safe by the power of your name—the name you gave me. I protected them. And only one of them was lost—the one who was sure to be lost. This was to show the truth of what the Scriptures said would happen.
Matthew 26:24-25 (ERV) "The Son of Man will suffer what the Scriptures say will happen to him. But it will be very bad for the one who hands over the Son of Man to be killed. It would be better for him if he had never been born." Then Judas, the very one who would hand him over, said to Jesus, "Teacher, surely I am not the one you are talking about, am I?" Jesus answered, "Yes, it is you."
John 13:10-11 (ERV, the foot washing scene at the Last Supper) Jesus said, "After a person has a bath, his whole body is clean. He needs only to wash his feet. And you are clean, but not all of you."Jesus knew who would hand him over to his enemies. That is why he said, "Not all of you are clean."
John 13:21-27 (ERV) After Jesus said these things, he felt very troubled. He said openly, "Believe me when I say that one of you will hand me over to my enemies." His followers all looked at each other. They did not understand who Jesus was talking about. One of the followers was next to Jesus and was leaning close to him. This was the one Jesus loved very much. Simon Peter made signs to this follower to ask Jesus who he was talking about. That follower leaned closer to Jesus and asked, "Lord, who is it?"Jesus answered him, "I will dip this bread into the dish. The man I give it to is the one." So Jesus took a piece of bread, dipped it, and gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon. When Judas took the bread, Satan entered him. Jesus said to Judas, "What you will do—do it quickly!"
Judas' betrayal of Christ was prophesied about in Psalm 109:2-8 (ERV): Wicked people are telling lies about me. They are saying things that are not true. (3) They are saying hateful things about me. They are attacking me for no reason. (4) I loved them, but they were against me. So I said a prayer. (5) I did good things to them, but they are doing bad things to me. I loved them, but they hated me. (6) They said, "Choose someone evil to represent him. Let the one at his side really be his accuser. (7) Let even his prayer be used as evidence against him, and let the court find him guilty. (8) Let his life be cut short, and let someone else take over his work.
In contrast, Peter also betrayed Christ 3 times before morning came. He was also experiencing a personal crises. He also despaired and cried and felt remorse. But he did the opposite of Judas. He repented, he threw himself upon the mercy and love of God and asked forgiveness. He trusted in Jesus' ability to forgive him and save him. And Jesus did! Jesus made a specific point of talking to Peter after He had risen and made sure Peter knew he was forgiven and loved.
Luke 22:31-34 (ERV, the prophecy of Peter's betrayal) "Satan has asked to test you men like a farmer tests his wheat. O Simon, Simon, I have prayed that you will not lose your faith! Help your brothers be stronger when you come back to me." But Peter said to Jesus, "Lord, I am ready to go to jail with you. I will even die with you!" But Jesus said, "Peter, before the rooster crows tomorrow morning, you will say you don't know me. You will say this three times."
Luke 22:54-68 (ERV, the betrayal) They arrested Jesus and took him away to the house of the high priest. Peter followed Jesus but stayed back at a distance. The soldiers started a fire in the middle of the yard and sat together. Peter sat with them. A servant girl saw him sitting there. She could see because of the light from the fire. She looked closely at Peter's face. Then she said, "This man was also with Jesus." But Peter said this was not true. He said, "Lady, I don't know him." A short time later, someone else saw Peter and said, "You are also one of them." But Peter said, "Man, I am not!" About an hour later, another man said, "It's true. I'm sure this man was with him, because he is from Galilee." But Peter said, "Man, I don't know what you are talking about!" Immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. Then the Lord turned and looked into Peter's eyes. And Peter remembered what the Lord had said, "Before the rooster crows in the morning, you will say three times that you don't know me." Then Peter went outside and cried bitterly.
John 21:15-19 (ERV) When they finished eating, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these other men love me?" Peter answered, "Yes, Lord, you know that I love you." Then Jesus said to him, "Take care of my lambs." Again Jesus said to him, "Simon, son of John, do you love me?" Peter answered, "Yes, Lord, you know that I love you." Then Jesus said, "Take care of my sheep." A third time Jesus said, "Simon, son of John, do you love me?" Peter was sad because Jesus asked him three times, "Do you love me?" He said, "Lord, you know everything. You know that I love you!" Jesus said to him, "Take care of my sheep. The truth is, when you were young, you tied your own belt and went where you wanted. But when you are old, you will put out your hands, and someone else will tie your belt. They will lead you where you don't want to go." (Jesus said this to show how Peter would die to give glory to God.) Then he said to Peter, "Follow me!"
Luke 24:33-34 (ERV) So the two men got up then and went back to Jerusalem. There they found the followers of Jesus meeting together. The eleven apostles and the people with them said, "The Lord really has risen from death! He appeared to Simon."
1 Corinthians 15:3-7 (ERV) I gave you the message that I received. I told you the most important truths: that Christ died for our sins, as the Scriptures say; that he was buried and was raised to life on the third day, as the Scriptures say; and that he appeared to Peter and then to the twelve apostles. After that Christ appeared to more than 500 other believers at the same time. Most of them are still living today, but some have died. Then he appeared to James and later to all the apostles.
Mark 16:7 (ERV) Now go and tell his followers. And be sure to tell Peter. Tell them, 'Jesus is going into Galilee and will be there before you come. You will see him there, as he told you before.'"
To Peter, the first of the apostles, Jesus the Lord revealed himself after His resurrection, thus conferring on him a signal honor, and showing how fully he was restored to His favor. What happened during this interview is unrecorded, doubtless because it was too sacred to be divulged; but it would certainly be a scene of confession and forgiveness. The Lord had all the while had His faithless disciple in His thoughts, knowing his distress of mind; and He had that solitary interview with him on purpose to reassure him. In John 21:15-19 (see above), Jesus charged him to make good his love by taking diligent care of the flock for which He had died. So there you have the two reactions. Both men were experiencing a personal crises. One reacted by turning away from God and the other by turning to God. The result was Judas killed himself and Peter went on to become the leader of the new Christian church. One turned to God and asked for forgiveness. He trusted in God even though he didn't understand God's Plan. He trusted in God's love and Jesus' power to save. He was willing to give his will up and to trust in God's Will. So the point is that both men had been with Jesus, sat under His teachings, saw His miracles, experienced an emotional crises, saw their worlds falling into confusion, betrayed Jesus, despaired and cried in remorse. But there was two very different hearts. One fled from God and the other ran to God. It's all in the heart and God sees the heart.
Abimelech
Judges 8:29-35 (ERV) Jerub Baal (Gideon) son of Joash went home. (30) Gideon had 70 sons of his own. He had so many sons because he had many wives. (31) He had a slave woman who lived in the city of Shechem. He had a son by her. He named that son Abimelech. (32) So Gideon son of Joash died at a good old age. He was buried in the tomb that Joash, his father, owned. That tomb is in the city of Ophrah, where the family of Abiezer lives. (33) As soon as Gideon died, the Israelites again were not faithful to God—they followed Baal. They made Baal Berith their god. (34) The Israelites did not remember the LORD their God, who had saved them from all their enemies living around them. (35) The Israelites were not loyal to the family of Jerub Baal, even though he had done many good things for them.
Judges 9:1-5 (ERV and verse 5 is MKJV) Abimelech was the son of Jerub Baal (Gideon). Abimelech went to his uncles who lived in the city of Shechem. He said to his uncles and all of his mother's family, (2) "Ask the leaders of the city of Shechem this question: 'Is it better for you to be ruled by the 70 sons of Jerub Baal or to be ruled by only one man? Remember, I am your relative.'" (3) Abimelech's uncles spoke to the leaders of Shechem and asked them that question. The leaders of Shechem decided to follow Abimelech. They said, "After all, he is our brother." (4) So the leaders of Shechem gave Abimelech 70 pieces of silver. That silver was from the temple of the god Baal Berith. Abimelech used the silver to hire some men. These men were worthless, reckless men. They followed Abimelech wherever he went. (5) And he went to his father's house at Ophrah and killed his brothers the sons of Jerubbaal, seventy persons, upon one stone. But Jotham, the youngest son of Jerubbaal, was still left; for he hid himself. Then all the leaders in Shechem and the house of Millo came together. Everyone gathered beside the big tree of the pillar in Shechem and made Abimelech their king.
Judges 9:22-25 (ERV) Abimelech ruled the Israelites for three years. (23) Abimelech had killed Jerub Baal's (Gideon) 70 sons—and they were his own brothers. The leaders of Shechem had supported him in doing this evil thing. So God caused trouble between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem. And they began planning ways to hurt Abimelech. (25) The leaders of the city of Shechem did not like Abimelech anymore. They put men on the hilltops to attack and rob everyone who went by. Abimelech found out about the attacks.
Judges 9:47-57 (ERV) Abimelech heard that all the leaders of the Tower of Shechem had gathered together. (48) So Abimelech and all his men went up to Mount Zalmon. Abimelech took an ax and cut off some branches and carried them on his shoulders. Then Abimelech said to the men with him, "Hurry! Do the same thing that I have done." (49) So all the men cut branches and followed Abimelech. They piled the branches against the safest room of the temple of the god El Berith. Then they set the branches on fire and burned the people in the room. About 1000 men and women living near the Tower of Shechem died. (50) Then Abimelech and his men went to the city of Thebez and captured that city. (51) But inside the city there was a strong tower, so all the leaders and other men and women of that city ran to the tower. When the people were inside the tower, they locked the door behind them. Then they climbed up to the roof of the tower. (52) Abimelech and his men came to the tower to attack it. Abimelech went up to the door of the tower to burn it. (53) when a woman on the roof dropped a large rock on his head and cracked his skull.(54) Abimelech quickly said to the servant who carried his weapons, "Take out your sword and kill me. I want you to kill me so that people will not say, 'A woman killed Abimelech.'" So the servant stabbed Abimelech with his sword, and he died. (55) The Israelites saw that Abimelech was dead, so they all went back home. (56) In that way God punished Abimelech for all the bad things he had done. Abimelech sinned against his own father by killing his 70 brothers. (57) God also punished the men of the city of Shechem for the bad things they had done. So the things said by Jotham son of Jerub Baal (Gideon) came true.
Abimelech, King of Shechem, was ruthless and cruel. His evil knew no limits, even taking the lives of 69 of his 70 half-brothers to become king. He killed thousands of people. But a mere woman, an unnamed woman, dropped a millstone on his head leaving him mortally wounded. His pride led him to take his own life. He couldn't bear for anyone to “say a woman killed him.” Personally, I'm not sure which is worse, for it to be known that a woman killed him or that he killed himself in pride and fear? But, once again, he committed suicide to avoid a future that didn't take into consideration God. He made, what we call, a judgment call. His pride led him to think he had to go out in a blaze of glory. And dying of a head wound from a woman dropping a rock on his head wasn't his idea of glorious. So he begged his servant to kill him so it would look like he died as a warrior. But the real story got out or we wouldn't be reading about it in the Bible! Oh how the "mighty" have fallen, disgraced by being killed by a rock thrown by a woman! The irony was he was slain with a single stone, as he had slain his brothers on a single stone. What goes around, comes around. The man was dying, but his pride was alive and well. The same vanity that had governed his life, governed his death. Qualis vita, finis ita - As was his life, such was his death. He was so concerned with his image and what others thought about him but was, sadly, not as concerned with his spirit. His pride is documented but there is no mention of a prayer asking God for mercy and forgiveness.
Samson
Judges 16:23-31 (ISV) Some time later, the Philistine officials got together to present a magnificent sacrifice to their god Dagon, and to throw a party, because they were claiming, "Our god has given Samson into our control!" (24) When the people saw Samson, they praised their god, claiming: Our god has given our enemy into our control; the one who was destroying our land, and who has killed many of us. (25) Because they all got good and drunk, they ordered, "Go get Samson, so he can entertain us." So they called for Samson from the prison, and he entertained them while they made him stand between the pillars. (26) Then Samson told the young man who had been leading him around by the hand, "Let me touch and feel the pillars on which this building rests, and I'll support myself against them." (27) Now the building was full of men, women, and all the Philistine officials, with about 3,000 men and women on the roof watching Samson while he was entertaining them. (28) Then Samson cried out to the LORD, "Lord GOD, please remember me. And please strengthen me this one time, God, so that I can repay the Philistines right now for my two eyes." (29) Then Samson grabbed the two middle pillars upon which the house rested and braced himself against them with one pillar in his right hand and the other in his left. (30) Then Samson said, "Let me die with the Philistines!" He strained with all his strength until the building collapsed on the officials and every person in it. As a result, the dead whom he killed at his death were more than those whom he killed during his lifetime. (31) Afterwards, his brothers and his father's household servants came down, took him, brought him back, and buried him in his father Manoah's tomb between Zorah and Eshtaol. He had governed Israel for 20 years.In Samson's desire for revenge, he was willing to die when he killed the Philistines in the crowded temple that day. Samson did not want to kill the Philistines for the sake of bringing honor to God or to deliver Israel. Samson’s prayer to God was simple and direct: “so that with this one act of revenge I may pay back the Philistines for my two eyes”.
Yael Shemesh clearly describes the motive behind Samson’s suicide. He wrote: “Samson’s story is the only one in the Bible in which the overt motive for suicide is revenge. . . .Here the goal is not to kill oneself, but to use one’s death to kill others. . . . It is plausible, however, that the overt motive of revenge was supplemented by a desire to end the hopeless life of pain, helplessness, and humiliation endured by someone who has lost his freedom and eyesight” (Yael Shemesh, “Suicide in the Bible.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 37 (2009): 157-168.).
Ahithophel
2 Samuel 17:1-28 (ERV) Ahithophel also said to Absalom, "Now, let me choose 12,000 men to chase David tonight. (2) I will catch him while he is tired and weak. I will frighten him, and all his people will run away. But I will kill only King David. (3) Then I will bring all the people back to you. If David is dead, all the people will come back in peace." (4) This plan seemed good to Absalom and all the leaders of Israel. (5) But Absalom said, "Now call Hushai the Arkite. I also want to hear what he says." (6) Hushai came to Absalom. Absalom said to Hushai, "This is the plan Ahithophel gave. Should we follow it? If not, tell us." (7) Hushai said to Absalom, "Ahithophel's advice is not good this time." (8) Hushai added, "You know that your father and his men are strong men. They are as dangerous as a wild bear when something has taken its cubs. Your father is a skilled fighter. He will not stay all night with the people. (9) He is probably already hiding in a cave or some other place. If your father attacks your men first, people will hear the news and think, 'Absalom's followers are losing!' (10) Then even your bravest men will be frightened, because all the Israelites know that your father is a powerful soldier and that his men are very brave. (11) "This is what I suggest: You must gather all the Israelites together from Dan to Beersheba. Then there will be many people, like the sand by the sea. Then you yourself must go into the battle. (12) We will catch David wherever he is hiding and attack him with so many soldiers that they will be like the dew that covers the ground. We will kill David and all of his men—no one will be left alive. (13) But if David escapes into a city, all the Israelites can bring ropes to that city and pull its walls down into the valley. Not even a small stone will be left in that city." (14) Absalom and all the Israelites said, "Hushai's advice is better than Ahithophel's." Actually, Ahithophel's advice was good, but they said this because the LORD had decided to make Ahithophel's advice useless. He did this to punish Absalom. (15) Hushai told the priests, Zadok and Abiathar, what was said. He told them what Ahithophel suggested to Absalom and the leaders of Israel. Hushai also told them what he himself had suggested. He said, (16) "Send a message to David now! Tell him not to spend the night at the places where people cross into the desert. Tell him to go across the Jordan River at once. If he crosses the river, the king and all his people will not be caught." (17) The priests' sons, Jonathan and Ahimaaz, did not want to be seen going into the town, so they waited at En Rogel. A servant girl went out to them and gave them the message. Then Jonathan and Ahimaaz carried the message to King David. (18) But a boy saw Jonathan and Ahimaaz and ran to tell Absalom. Jonathan and Ahimaaz ran away quickly. They arrived at a man's house in Bahurim. The man had a well in his courtyard. Jonathan and Ahimaaz went down into this well. (19) The man's wife spread a sheet over the mouth of the well and covered it with grain. The well looked like a pile of grain, so no one would know to look there. (20) Absalom's servants came to the woman at the house. They asked, "Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?" The woman said to Absalom's servants, "They have already crossed over the brook." Absalom's servants then went to look for Jonathan and Ahimaaz, but they could not find them. So Absalom's servants went back to Jerusalem. (21) After Absalom's servants left, Jonathan and Ahimaaz climbed out of the well and went to King David. They said to David, "Hurry, go across the river. Ahithophel is planning to do something to you." (22) So David and his people crossed over the Jordan River. By sunrise, all of David's people had crossed the Jordan River. No one was left behind. (23) When Ahithophel saw that the Israelites did not do what he suggested, he saddled his donkey and went back to his hometown. He made plans for his family and then hanged himself. They buried him in his father's tomb. (24) David arrived at Mahanaim just as Absalom and the Israelites who were with him crossed over the Jordan River. (25) Absalom and the Israelites made their camp in the land of Gilead. Absalom had made Amasa the new captain of the army. He took Joab's place. Amasa was the son of Ithra the Ishmaelite. His mother was Abigail, the daughter of Nahash, the sister of Joab's mother, Zeruiah. (27) When David arrived at Mahanaim, Shobi, Makir, and Barzillai were there. Shobi son of Nahash was from the Ammonite town of Rabbah. Makir son of Ammiel was from Lo Debar. Barzillai was from Rogelim in Gilead. (28) These three men said, "The people are tired, hungry, and thirsty from the desert." So they brought many things to David and those with him. They brought beds, bowls, and other kinds of dishes. They also brought wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils, dried seeds, honey, butter, sheep, and cheese made from cow's milk.
Ahithophel was Bathsheba’s father, or grandfather, and one of David's Counselors. Ahithophel helped David's son, Absalom, in his rebellion and attempt to take the monarchy from King David. Ahithophel's motive in the rebellion was doubtless ambition for personal power but he may also have harbored resentment at the mess of Bathsheba and David (their affair, her pregnancy, his having her husband murdered, marrying her, losing the baby). Joining the conspiracy wasn't a smart move but his management and manipulation of the rebellion showed intelligence and careful strategy. His plans were successful but blocked by Hushai. When he realized that defeat was inevitable and he had lost his opportunity, he killed himself. As smart and crafty as we are, as carefully as we plan, we are no match for God. Worldly wisdom apart from faith in God turns into suicidal madness. Ahithophel saw, with absolute clearness, that Absalom had sacrificed his one opportunity, so he committed suicide to avoid the shameful defeat. He was a type of Judas in his treachery and in his end.
Isaiah 29:13-16 (ISV) Then the Lord said: "Because these people draw near with their mouths and honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me, worship of me has become merely like rules taught by human beings. (14); Therefore, watch out! "As for me, I will once again do amazing things with this people, wonder upon wonder. The wisdom of their wise men will perish, and the insights of their discerning men will stay hidden." (15) "How terrible it will be for you who go to great depths to hide your plans from the LORD, you whose deeds have been done in the dark, and who say, 'Who can see us? Who has recognized us?'(16) He has turned the tables on you—as if the potter were thought to be like heat. Can what is made say of the one who made it, 'He did not make me?' Or can what is formed say of the ones who formed it, 'He has no skill?'
Ahithophel was afraid of the future, felt like a failure and maybe wanted to punish others with his death. Like a suicide bomber who thinks they can strike back at a hated enemy in a blaze of glory. If they die in the process, they deceive themselves into believing God will be happy with their deed and they will be rewarded. But God has declared, "Thou shalt not kill" and "Vengeance is mine" (Romans 12:19). We are suppose to leave things in God's hands and not try to control and seek revenge. If we keep our hearts clean and our eyes on God, He will take care of our enemies or lead us straight through them to better things.
When the disciples sought to take vengeance on a village that had offered Jesus an insult, Jesus "turned and rebuked them, and said, "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of. For the Son of Man did not come to destroy men's lives but to save them."
Zimri
1 Kings 16:8-12 (MKJV) In the twenty-sixth year of Asa king of Judah, Elah the son of Baasha began to reign over Israel in Tirzah, and he reigned two years. (9) And his servant Zimri, commander of half his chariots, plotted against him; and he was in Tirzah drinking himself drunk in the house of Arza the steward of his house in Tirzah. (10) And Zimri went in and struck him, and killed him, in the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned in his place. (11) And it happened when he began to reign, as soon as he sat on his throne, he killed all the house of Baasha. He did not leave him one who urinated against a wall, nor of his kinsmen, nor of his friends. (12) And Zimri destroyed all the house of Baasha, according to the Word of Jehovah which He spoke against Baasha by Jehu the prophet,
Zimri was an ebed, Hebrew word meaning "slave/servant". Zimri was a slave/servant of high standing for Elah, king of Israel, because he commands half of Israel's chariot force. He is introduced without any reference to his father or family so he may have been a non-Israelite. He may have been a high court official in a military capacity. But, one way or the other, he worked for King Elah and he had high aspirations and ambitions. He kills his king; king's family and friends; repels a siege from Omri; loses the siege and Tirzah; and then goes into the palace and sets fire to it, dying in the flames.
1 Kings 16:15-20 (ERV) In the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zimri reigned seven days in Tirzah. And the people were camped against Gibbethon which was to the Philistines. (16) And the people that were camped heard it said that Zimri had plotted and had also slain the king. And all Israel made Omri, the commander of the army, king over Israel that day in the camp. (17) And Omri went up from Gibbethon, and all Israel with him, and they laid siege to Tirzah. (18) And it happened when Zimri saw that the city was taken, he went into the palace of the king's house and burned the king's house over him with fire, and died, (19) for his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of Jehovah, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did to make Israel sin. (20) And the rest of the acts of Zimri, and his treason which he did, are they not written in the Book of the Matters of the Days of the Kings of Israel?
The 5th king of Israel but he only reigned for 7 days. He was Israel's shortest-reigning king. "Zimri had been captain of half the chariots under Elah, and, as it seems, made use of his position to conspire against his master. The occasion for his crime was furnished by the absence of the army, which, under the direction of Omri, was engaged in the siege of the Philistine town Gibbethon. While Elah was in a drunken debauch in the house of his steward Arza, who may have been an accomplice in the plot, he was foully murdered by Zimri, who ascended the throne and put the remnant of Elah's family to death, thus fulfilling the prophecy of Jehu concerning the house of Baasha. However, the conspiracy lacked the support of the people" - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. The people conspired against him and made Omri king. Zimri set fire to the King’s palace and perished in the flames. Have you ever seen the 1949 movie White Heat with James Cagney? Cagney plays Cody Jarrett who is a ruthless, psychotic criminal and leader of the Jarrett gang. He married Verna but he is strangely bonded to his equally crooked and determined mother, "Ma" Jarrett, his only true confidante. The Jarrett gang attempt to make a payroll robbery but the building becomes surrounded by police and his gang gets killed. In the end, Cody is the last one left and he's climbed to the top of a gas tank. Cody hysterically lifts his face skyward, holds out both arms, and cries, "Made it Ma! Top of the world!". Cody is shot but still in defiance and shouting like a lunatic from the top of a gas tank. There is a tremendous 'white heat' explosion that kills him instantly. Following Cody's suicidal, angry death, an emotionless, unsympathetic Hank Fallon (US Treasury agent) says, "He finally got to the top of the world. And it blew right up in his face." That movie comes to mind with Zimri. He was on top of the world but it blew up right in his face. Zimri's death is seen as an act of desperation, his suicide the deed of an evil man. Zimri chose his method of death, but in his death he gave his enemy exactly what he desired. Zimri's suicide only made Omri's triumph easier.
Proverbs 30:21-23 (CEV) There are three or four things that make the earth tremble and are unbearable: (22) A slave who becomes king, a fool who eats too much, (23) a hateful woman who finds a husband, and a slave who takes the place of the woman who owns her.
Proverbs 19:10 (CEV) It isn't right for a fool to live in luxury or for a slave to rule in place of a king.
These proverbs portray someone unworthy to exert influence, someone who makes poor choices. It's not that a slave cannot become a good king. What the proverbs condemn is the change in behavior and attitude after the promotion. The slave who now lords it over those who used to be in authority over him, the fool who now lives in luxury and boasts how smart he is, and the servant girl who supplants her mistress in the affections of her master and gives herself airs are condemned for their pride and haughtiness. These four types of persons who come to sudden power become excessively pretentious, arrogant, and malicious. Zimri may have shown the disagreeable traits of arrogance and pretension. He became a leader without followers, a usurper lacking administrative skills, an opportunist who took advantage of King Elah's drunkenness to kill him and try to take over. The Bible doesn't mention any prior planning on Zimri's part so it may have been almost spur of the moment. The fact that the army didn't support him meant they didn't see him as leader material. A slave/servant who gains authority over others but doesn't have the training nor the disposition to rule well is a scary thing in this world.
Zimri chose to die and how he would die, but in his death he gave his enemy exactly what he desired. Zimri's suicide only made Omri's triumph easier. Omri would become king. Like many of us, we try to control our own lives/deaths and those around us. We try to manipulate and control to our advantage. But we are NOT in control, God is. And God should be, as we tend to make a mess.
Suicide was regarded traditionally as a rejection of God's gift of life, a failure of stewardship, an act of despair, and breaking the sixth commandment, "Thou shall not kill". The Orthodox Church, and traditionally in protestant churches, a Christian burial was denied a person who had committed suicide. Some taught it was the unforgivable sin because how can you repent of the sin of murder if you are dead?
Wikipedia - According to the theology of the Catholic Church, death by suicide is considered a grave matter, one of the elements required for mortal sin. The reason is that one's life is the property of God and a gift to the world, and to destroy that life is to wrongly assert dominion over what is God's and was held as despair over salvation. In points 2281 and 2325 of the Catechism it is stated:
2281 Suicide contradicts the natural inclination of the human being to preserve and perpetuate his life. It is gravely contrary to the just love of self. It likewise offends love of neighbor because it unjustly breaks the ties of solidarity with family, nation, and other human societies to which we continue to have obligations. Suicide is contrary to love for the living God.
2325 Suicide is seriously contrary to justice, hope, and charity. It is forbidden by the fifth commandment.
The official Catechism of the Catholic Church indicated that the person who committed suicide may not always be fully right in their mind; and thus not one-hundred-percent morally culpable: "Grave psychological disturbances, anguish, or grave fear of hardship, suffering, or torture can diminish the responsibility of the one committing suicide." The Catholic Church prays for those who have committed suicide, knowing that Christ shall judge the deceased fairly and justly. The Church also prays for the close relations of the deceased, that the loving and healing touch of God will comfort those torn apart by the impact of the suicide.
Today, we have a more merciful view of suicide. God gives us all a will to live and to get to the point of suicide usually means a person is not in their right mind. Either due to physical reasons such as chemical imbalance, neurological malfunctions or misfires, an altered mental state, etc or due to intense mental and emotional suffering or fear, a person may not have their right mind and this would diminish their responsibility for sin. A person may commit the act but repent of it in the last second of life. We have no way of knowing what is happening in someone's mind and heart. Many who commit suicide are in torment and may have been for a long time. If we know of someone who is suffering like this, we need to pray for them and watch for signs and be ready to intercept and direct towards help (especially towards the help of Christ). We cannot become their Holy Spirit but we can support through prayer and always direct and point them towards Christ. Sometimes it's just a matter of spending time with them, give them a release from the pressure and get their mind off of things. Sometimes it's more serious and needs medical intervention and professional help. But Christ is always the ultimate answer and He is the One who will bring healing whether it's through the help of a friend, a pastor, a counselor, a doctor, medications, or a direct miraculous touch. He knows what we need and when we need it.
Suicide is sin but it is no more a sin than any other sin and Jesus died to forgive us of all sin. The only unforgivable sin is the sin of rejecting Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the only way to salvation. Suicide is NOT the unforgivable sin. If we have accepted Jesus as our Savior then NOTHING, not even suicide, can take us out of His Hands.
Romans 8:35, 38-39 (KJV) Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?... For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, (39) Nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.
John 10:25-30 (CEV) Jesus answered: I have told you, and you refused to believe me. The things I do by my Father's authority show who I am. (26) But since you are not my sheep, you don't believe me. (27) My sheep know my voice, and I know them. They follow me, (28) and I give them eternal life, so that they will never be lost. No one can snatch them out of my hand. (29) My Father gave them to me, and he is greater than all others. No one can snatch them from his hands, (30) and I am one with the Father.
Jesus forgives All sin, EVERY sin. All we have to do is turn to Him, repent and ask for forgiveness to be saved. There is no limit to His grace. None of us are sinless and none of us are good enough. Our salvation is based solely on the grace of Christ and His Work on the cross. Sin is sin and all sin is the same in God's eyes. Whether it's the sin of gossip or the sin of murder or the sin of suicide. Sin is sin. If someone can be forgiven for the sin of gossip and allowed in Heaven, then someone can be forgiven for the sin of suicide and allowed in Heaven.
We are all sinners. It is the work of Jesus that saves us and not our sinlessness and not any ability of our own to save ourselves. So since it's not our work that saves, we can trust Jesus saves no matter what sin we commit - even suicide. Christ's sacrifice at the cross has forgiven all of our sins — past, present, and future. The sin a Christian commits was forgiven on Calvary. Jesus justified us, declaring us righteous based on His work. He accomplished this work through one sacrificial offering that didn't need to be repeated. If I were to drop dead right now, there would be unconfessed sin in my life. But I am saved because I'm a believer. His sacrifice covers my sins and His sacrifice is the same one that would cover a sin like suicide. If a Christian can commit sin after he is saved but be forgiven and welcomed into Heaven, we know it doesn't depend on our sinlessness but on Jesus' sinlessness and His perfect sacrifice. If Jesus' sacrifice has made believers perfect forever (Hebrews 7:28-10:14), could any sin remove their salvation? No.
We have established that suicide is sin but we've also established that if a true Christian, a believer in Jesus Christ, commits suicide, their sin is covered just like any other sin.
Job 2:8-10 (CEV) Then Job sat on the ash-heap to show his sorrow. And while he was scraping his sores with a broken piece of pottery, (9) his wife asked, "Why do you still trust God? Why don't you curse him and die?" (10) Job replied, "Don't talk like a fool! If we accept blessings from God, we must accept trouble as well." In all that happened, Job never once said anything against God.
Believe in Jesus Christ and get to know Him. As you become closer to Christ you see more and more of His love for you and with that love is His care. It doesn't mean we will have no problems but if we are truly in a relationship with Christ and are trusting Him as we should, then we trust enough in His love to know that all things will work together for our good. God can take the nastiest situation and use it for our good if we trust Him and let Him do as He wills. I don't know why it's so hard for us but it is. To relinquish our "control" (which is an illusion for we really have no control) and to let God control and trusting His control is very difficult but very necessary. I struggle with it but I'm learning. I have now studied this subject for a couple of weeks while preparing this blog post. I see myself in every word. I'm ashamed, I ask for forgiveness and I'm going to try to trust and let go of the reigns of my life.
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Our Male Calico Cat
I've been a dog person and never thought I would really take to a cat. My experiences with cats had all been negative... until last year. My husband made the comment that he would like to have a cat. He had a cat he liked as a child and I never knew about it. Well, he's put up with my dogs all these years so I thought we could get a cat if that was what he wanted. So a friend of ours had rescued a little calico kitten and was hand feeding it and looking for a good home. We adopted "Binky" and she became my cat! I was home more than Stan and I'm the one that got her, gave her baths, took her to the vet and let her sleep with me. Don't get me wrong, Stan did his share. He has always fed and cleaned her kitty litter box. We both fell in love with little Binky! No one was as surprised as I was to find out how much I could love a cat!!!
Alas, Binky began to slow down. At her 1 year vet visit, the vet discovered an enlarged heart, she was full of fluid (we had thought she was just gaining weight) and one of her kidneys had quit. She only had a matter of days, weeks at the most. So we were in shock and chose to have her put to sleep rather than let her suffer the last few days. It was so hard, as you can imagine. I called Stan and he came to meet me at the vet and we loved on her and were there for her last minutes.
I learned a long time ago that the best way to heal is to adopt again. It gives you a necessary outlet for the flood of emotions. So the next week, Stan and I agreed to adopt another cat. My little grand nephew, Ryan, went with me and we looked at a 1 year old Calico cat and a Calico kitten. Here is the kitten at the Humane Society.
The older Calico was the same age as Binky, beautiful and even had the scarred eye that Binky had. She had been at the Humane Society for about 3 weeks so her time would soon be over. OTOH, the Calico kitten meant that we would have her from kittenhood and maybe she would bond with us even more? Remember, I'm new to cats so I wasn't sure. I decided to adopt the older Calico and brought Daphne Doolittle home. She's wonderful!
But when I got home and told Stan about the kitten, he told me to get the kitten too. The next day, I was waiting at the Humane Society when they opened and I adopted the kitten too. She had to be spayed so I had to leave her overnight.
The next day I got a call from the Humane Society to say the kitten had been taken into surgery to be spayed and when they opened "her" up they found NO UTERUS! The Calico kitten was actually a MALE! Did I still want him?
I said, "Or course" but I didn't realize how rare a male Calico is! They told me it was rare so I got on the Internet and found that a male Calico cat is like one in three thousand! He is neutered and we got him home and he's such a doll baby! We named him Captain Fishipants. He has been to my vet's office and my vet said, "Twenty years as a vet and this is my first male Calico!" I thought my rare find should have a blog post. So here is to Captain Fishipants!
We couldn't be happier with our Calico cats! They get along with our senior Italian Greyhounds - no problems!
Alas, Binky began to slow down. At her 1 year vet visit, the vet discovered an enlarged heart, she was full of fluid (we had thought she was just gaining weight) and one of her kidneys had quit. She only had a matter of days, weeks at the most. So we were in shock and chose to have her put to sleep rather than let her suffer the last few days. It was so hard, as you can imagine. I called Stan and he came to meet me at the vet and we loved on her and were there for her last minutes.
I learned a long time ago that the best way to heal is to adopt again. It gives you a necessary outlet for the flood of emotions. So the next week, Stan and I agreed to adopt another cat. My little grand nephew, Ryan, went with me and we looked at a 1 year old Calico cat and a Calico kitten. Here is the kitten at the Humane Society.
Ryan in front of the kitten at the Humane Society
Daphne Doolittle (aka Daphy Duck)
But when I got home and told Stan about the kitten, he told me to get the kitten too. The next day, I was waiting at the Humane Society when they opened and I adopted the kitten too. She had to be spayed so I had to leave her overnight.
The next day I got a call from the Humane Society to say the kitten had been taken into surgery to be spayed and when they opened "her" up they found NO UTERUS! The Calico kitten was actually a MALE! Did I still want him?
I said, "Or course" but I didn't realize how rare a male Calico is! They told me it was rare so I got on the Internet and found that a male Calico cat is like one in three thousand! He is neutered and we got him home and he's such a doll baby! We named him Captain Fishipants. He has been to my vet's office and my vet said, "Twenty years as a vet and this is my first male Calico!" I thought my rare find should have a blog post. So here is to Captain Fishipants!
We couldn't be happier with our Calico cats! They get along with our senior Italian Greyhounds - no problems!
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Little Known Fact About Jefferson Davis
Confederate States of America (C.S.A.) President Jefferson Davis was married to Varina Howell. They had 6 children of which 4 died tragically (2 yr old Samuel Emory Davis undiagnosed illness; single 21 yr old Jeff Davis, Jr in yellow fever epidemic; 5 yr old Joseph Evan Davis of a tragic fall; 10 yr old William Howell Davis of diptheria), one daughter never married and died 9 yrs after her father at the young age of 34. Another daughter reached adulthood, married and had 5 children but died at 54 yrs old. Then the Davis' attempted to foster/adopt a mulatto boy. Davis is one of the men being vilified in the current madness against anything Confederate. See what kind of man he really was!
Wikipedia - Jim Limber, aka Jim Limber Davis, was an octoroon (1/8 black) boy who was briefly a ward of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America. He was under the care of the Davis family from February 1864 to May 1865. His real name may have been James Henry Brooks.
On February 14, 1864, Varina Howell Davis, wife of Jefferson Davis, was returning home in Richmond, Virginia, when she saw a black boy being beaten by a black woman. Outraged, she immediately put an end to the beating and had the boy come with her in her carriage. He was cared for by Mrs. Davis and her staff. They gave him clothes belonging to the Davis's son, Joe, since the boys were of similar age. When asked his name, he just said "Jim Limber."
Davis arranged for Jim to be freed from slavery. It is unknown if Davis actually adopted him. There was no adoption law in Virginia at that time, so any adoption would be an "extralegal" affair.
Jim was with the Davises when they were forced to abandon Richmond before the Union Army captured the city in April 1865. When the Davises were captured by Union forces in Irwinville, Georgia, on May 15, Jim was separated from them. Some recounts of the story say this was due to a swift kidnapping of Limber by the Union Army, while other accounts say that the Davises recognized a Union general they knew well, Rufus Saxton. The Davis family never saw Jim again.
Jim briefly lived with Saxton in Charleston, South Carolina, but was eventually sent north for education until he was old enough to support himself. Though it is mentioned in some of the more sympathetic biographies of Jefferson Davis that he never stopped searching for Jim Limber, this search seems to be recorded only in oral history as it is not mentioned in his voluminous surviving correspondence for the last two decades of his life in which mention at all of Jim Limber is fleeting.
In 2008, the Sons of Confederate Veterans offered a $100,000 statue of Jefferson Davis to the American Civil War Center in Richmond. A life-sized Jim Limber is depicted on the statue, holding one hand of a life sized Jefferson Davis who is holding the hand of his son Joseph with the other hand. The statue was completed in fall 2008 and while it was initially accepted by the center, the deal quickly fell through and is now on permanent display at Beauvoir, Davis' Mississippi home.
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The Real General Robert E. Lee
Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870)
Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee (October 1, 1808 – November 5, 1873)
Mary Anna Randolph Custis was born on October 1, 1808, the only surviving child of George Washington Parke Custis and Mary Lee Fitzhugh Custis. George Washington Parke Custis was the son of George Washington's step-grandson and adopted son, John Parke Custis and Eleanor Calvert Custis. John Parke Custis was the son of Martha Dandridge and Daniel Parke Custis. Daniel Parke Custis died leaving his wealthy widow and two children. Martha Dandridge Custis then married the famous George Washington, first President of the United States! Martha had 4 children with her first husband (only 2 survived to adulthood) but she and George did not have children. George Washington adopted and raised her two children. So Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee was the great granddaughter of Martha Dandridge Custis Washington and George Washington. She was raised at Arlington House, Alexandria, VA built by her father, George Washington Parke Custis. He inherited a fortune from his father, John Parke Custis, including the plantation property that Arlington House was built on.
Robert Edward Lee was Mary Anna Custis' third cousin and they knew each other all their lives, playing together as children. They married in 1831 at Arlington House.
Mary Anna Custis Lee was well educated and well read. She was vivacious and a gracious hostess. She painted landscapes like her father and was an avid gardener. She especially loved roses and she chose the bedroom that overlooked her flower garden for her master bedroom after she married Robert E. Lee. She inherited her father's assets upon his death in 1857. She took on the job of editing and publishing her father's memoirs, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington by His Adopted Son, George Washington Parke Custis, with a Memoir of the Author by His Daughter, published in 1860. The Lees usually attended Christ Church in Alexandria—the same church that both Mary and Robert had attended in their childhood. Mary followed the Custis family tradition of having family prayers after breakfast and each evening in the family parlor. Robert was confirmed in the Episcopal Church at the age of 46. Following the example of her mother, Mary Lee taught Arlington slave women to sew, read and write. At the time, educating slaves was illegal! Advocating the idea of eventual emancipation, Mary wanted to ensure that all of the enslaved people would be able to support themselves when they were freed. Lee supported of the work of his wife and her mother to liberate slaves and fund their move to Liberia which was a popular idea at the time and seen as a humane solution for freed slaves.
Robert Edward Lee was born January 19, 1806 or 1807 to Revolutionary War officer Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee III (nicknamed for his excellent horsemanship) and his second wife, Anne Hill Carter at Stratford Hall Plantation in Westmoreland County, VA. Light Horse Harry Lee was a famous Patriot during the American Revolutionary War and a Governor of Virginia. But he spent time in a debtor's prison in 1809. In 1812, Harry Lee was badly injured in a political riot in Baltimore. In time he became so disabled that he traveled to the West Indies for his health. He would never return, dying when his son Robert was eleven years old. It is not known how the relationship between father and son was as Robert E. Lee rarely spoke of his childhood. His mother was left penniless with 6 children and they relied on the kindness of extended family who took in and supported the family.
Anne Lee's family was often supported by a relative named William Henry Fitzhugh, who wrote to Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun, urging that Robert be given an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point. Fitzhugh wrote little of Robert's academic prowess, dwelling much on the prominence of his family. Robert delivered the letter to John C. Calhoun personally and received his appointment to West Point in 1824. He began attending in 1825. At the time, the focus of the curriculum was engineering and cadets were not permitted leave until they had finished two years of study and were rarely allowed off the Academy grounds. Lee graduated second in his class and did not incur any demerits during his four-year course of study, a distinction shared by five of his 45 classmates. In June 1829, Lee was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers. After graduation, while awaiting assignment, he returned to Virginia to find his mother on her deathbed; she died on July 26, 1829.
Robert Edward Lee served with great distinction in the U.S. Army. In 1852, Lee was appointed Superintendent of the Military Academy at West Point. He was reluctant to enter the "snake pit", but the War Department insisted and he obeyed. During his 3 years at West Point, Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee improved the buildings and courses and spent much time with the cadets. Lee's oldest son, George Washington Custis Lee, attended West Point during his tenure. Custis Lee graduated in 1854, first in his class. Lee was enormously relieved to receive a long-awaited promotion as second-in-command of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment in Texas in 1855. It meant leaving the Engineering Corps for the combat command he truly wanted.
Robert E. Lee and Mary Anna Custis had seven children: George Washington Custis "Boo" Lee, Mary Custis Lee, William Henry Fitzhugh "Rooney" Lee, Anne Carter Lee, Eleanor Agnes Lee, Robert Edward "Rob" Lee Jr., Mildred Childe "Milly" Lee.
Boo, Rooney and Rob all served in the Confederate States of America Army during the War of Northern Aggression. Of the seven children, five remained unmarried. William Henry Fitzhugh Lee and Robert Edward Lee, Jr. married and had surviving children. All the children survived their father except for Anne, who died in 1862 of typhoid fever at the young age of 33.
Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee with her son, Robert Edward Lee, Jr. about 1845.
In 1857, Mary Anna Custis Lee's father, George Washington Parke Custis, died leaving everything to his daughter. This included vast land assets and slaves but little cash. His will stipulated freeing his hundreds of slaves within 5 years of his death.
Lee tried to hire an overseer to handle the plantation in his absence, writing to his cousin, "I wish to get an energetic honest farmer, who while he will be considerate and kind to the negroes, will be firm and make them do their duty." But Lee failed to find a man for the job, and had to take a two-year leave of absence from the army in order to run the plantation himself. The estate was in disarray, and the plantations had been poorly managed and were losing money. At Arlington, the servants had been notoriously indolent [lazy], their master's master. Lee found himself asset rich but cash poor. With memories of his father in debtor's prison and of his childhood spent at the charity of family, Lee struggled to stabilize the family finances within the deadline of five years. But some of the slaves had thought they would be freed upon the death of Custis and didn't understand they had to wait another five years. These slaves began to refuse Lee's orders and defy his authority, even to running away. In May 1858, Lee wrote to his son Rooney, "I have had some trouble with some of the people. Reuben, Parks and Edward, in the beginning of the previous week, rebelled against my authority—refused to obey my orders, and said they were as free as I was, etc., etc.—I succeeded in capturing them and lodging them in jail. They resisted till overpowered and called upon the other people to rescue them." Lee privately wrote to his son Custis that "The N. Y. Tribune has attacked me for my treatment of your grandfather's slaves, but I shall not reply. He has left me an unpleasant legacy." Lee had to deal strongly with a few of them until he set them all free with a deed of manumission filed on December 29, 1862. All his slaves, including the ones who had given him so much trouble, were freed.
After the Civil War, Lee was not arrested, but he did lose the right to vote as well as some property. Mary and Robert's family home, the Custis-Lee Arlington Mansion, had been seized by Union forces during the War and they buried Union soldiers on the front lawn so that the Lee's could never return. It became the Arlington National Cemetery and the house still stands in the middle of the cemetery. The Lee family was not compensated for Arlington until more than a decade after his death. He accepted an offer to serve as the president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia, and served from October 1865 until his death. Several glowing appraisals of Lee's tenure as college president have survived, depicting the dignity and respect he commanded among all. In his public statements and private correspondence, Lee argued that a tone of reconciliation and patience would further the interests of white Southerners better than hotheaded antagonism to federal authority or the use of violence. Lee repeatedly expelled white students from Washington College for violent attacks on local black men, and publicly urged obedience to the authorities and respect for law and order.
On September 28, 1870, Lee suffered a stroke and he died two weeks later. Mary had developed rheumatoid arthritis. It caused her a great deal of pain and she became more and more disabled. She became wheelchair bound in 1861. To help with the pain, Mary and her family often visited spas and springs that were reputed to improve health. In letters to her husband, she tried to downplay her illness, but it took its toll as the years passed. By the 1850s Mary organized her daily routine so that she climbed the stairs only twice each day, coming down in the morning and going back up at bedtime. Upon the outbreak of the war, she was walking with difficulty. No doubt due to in part to her nomadic existence, moving from plantation to plantation, and the stress of not knowing what was happening to her husband and sons.
Following Robert E. Lee's resignation from the U.S. Army on April 22, 1861, he pleaded with Mary to evacuate Arlington House as Union forces were certain to occupy the property. But leaving behind her family home, the Washington relics, and the Arlington slaves was difficult for Mary and she delayed. It was only the knowledge that her husband was so deeply concerned for her safety that convinced her to leave on May 15, 1861. As she wrote in a letter to General Winfield Scott a few days earlier, “Were it not that I would not add one feather to his load of care, nothing would induce me to abandon my home.” Mary and her daughters moved between several family plantations before settling in Richmond where they spent most of the War. Arlington was very important to her and she never quite got over its loss. “Life is waning away, and with the exception of my own immediate family, I am cut off from all I have ever known and loved in my youth and my dear old Arlington I cannot bear to think of that used as it is now and so little hope of my ever getting there again. I do not think I can die in peace until I have seen it once more.”
Mary Lee did visit Arlington a few months before her death in 1873. Unable to get out of the carriage, one of her former slaves, brought her a drink of water from the well. “I rode out to my dear old home but so changed it seemed but a dream of the past—I could not have realised (sic) it was Arlington but for the few old oaks they had spared and the trees planted by the Genl and myself which are raising their tall branches to the Heaven which seems to smile on the desecration around them.”
Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee in her later years. Notice her wheelchair.
Sources: Wikipedia articles on Robert Edward Lee, Light Horse Harry Lee, Mary Anna Custis Lee, George Washington Parke Custis, etc. and www.nps.gov/arho/learn/historyculture/mary-lee.htm
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Antifa and Fascists - What Are They?
Antifa - ANTI-FAscist (see definition of "fascism" below). The term is used to define a broad group of people whose political beliefs lean toward the left-often the far left-but do not conform with the Democratic Party platform. Militant leftists, or occasionally far leftists and radical leftists, (in history, the term "anarchist" was used) often used as a generalization of people who commit to acts of violence against those on the Right side of the political spectrum. They focus more on fighting far-right ideology directly than on encouraging pro-left policy. The salient feature of Antifa is to oppose perceived fascism by direct action, including violence if need be. Antifa groups tend to be anti-government and anti-capitalist; its adherents are mostly socialists, anarchists, and communists. Antifa groups are known for militant protest tactics, including property damage and physical violence.
Fascism - a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism. Fascism stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition. The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I, before it spread to other European countries. Fascists believe that liberal democracy is obsolete, and they regard the complete mobilization of society under a totalitarian one-party state as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond effectively to economic difficulties. Such a state is led by a strong leader—such as a dictator and a martial government composed of the members of the governing fascist party—to forge national unity and maintain a stable and orderly society.
Mark Bray, a Dartmouth lecturer who has defended antifa’s violent tactics, recently explained in The Washington Post, “(Antifa) adherents are predominantly communists, socialists and anarchists” who believe that physical violence “is both ethically justifiable and strategically effective.” In other words, they are no different from neo-Nazis.
So let's compare the two (Fascists vs. Antifa).
A Fascist government has a dictator, a leader who holds total control and the people have no voice. The dictator has no term limit. He rules through a martial government. America is a democracy in which we, the people, elect our leaders for a limited term. We have a check and balance government in which no one person has all the power. We have a President who serves 4 years, at the most 8 years. We have Congress (whom we vote for those elected) and we have a judicial system. This divides the power so no one person has all the power. It's a protection for the people so that we don't become victims of a dictator.
Fascists believe in forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism - "forcible suppression of opposition". Antifa is a group who believe in violently protesting those who have a different opinion from them - "commit to acts of violence against those on the Right side of the political spectrum. They focus more on fighting far-right ideology".
Fascists believe in "regimenting all commerce". A fascist government, led by it's dictator, takes over the country's economy. This is the opposite of capitalism. Capitalism is when a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. America is mostly a capitalist nation. We have some monopolies (ex. utility companies) and we have government regulations (lots of regulations!) but we are capitalist for the most part.
Fascists believe in social regimentation. Regimentation is very strict control over the way a group of people behave or the way something is done. A totalitarian system imposes strict discipline to enforce uniformity. It is very strict control over the way a group of people behave or the way something is done. Antifa demand that everyone think like they think or suffer the violent consequences. In other words, we should all adhere to their way of thinking, vote their way, agree with them, i.e. uniformity and control with violence to enforce it.
Fascists believe a totalitarian one-party state is necessary to forge national unity and maintain a stable and orderly society. Antifa believe a one-party (the Left, Democrats, or whatever they consider themselves politically) state is necessary to forge unity and a stable, orderly society. We must all be of the same political opinion and vote their way or face their attacks.
Fascism emphasizes "an aggressive nationalism and often racism". Antifa emphasizes aggression in the name of nationalism and they are racist. They hate white people. They equate white people with white supremacists. They are blancophobic (fear of white people). They can be white themselves and yet still think all other white people are evil!?! To Antifa, white = evil. They are irrationally hostile to white people. America has created and enacted law upon law to protect people from discrimination based on color, religion, sex, etc. There has never been, in the history of mankind, a government, nation, or people who has tried harder to offer equality to everyone than America! We are dealing with flawed, sinful human beings so it will never be perfect. But no one else has come as close to being color blind as America. Think about all the countries in the world today... everyone wants to come to America! Why? Because they have a chance to have a better life! Think about history. Has any civilization, empire or tribe ever tried harder to provide equality and acceptance to it's citizens than today's America? Native Americans fought each other because they were different tribes. Some made human sacrifices, by the thousands, of their enemies in order to appease their gods. Romans had slaves and crucified Christians by the thousands because they were worshipped differently. Vikings and German barbarian tribes attacked and wiped out whole villages because they wanted what they had. Mongolian hordes nearly took over Europe because Europeans were different than the Mongolians and had what the Mongols wanted. Hitler hated Jews and other people groups and tried to commit genocide. Today, Muslims believe in taking over the world for Allah and establishing a one world religion of Islam. Their religion encourages them to kill any infidels who don't convert to Islam and when they kill the infidels they get a special blessing in the afterlife! Ever since man was created and fell to sin, they have fought each other. It's the human condition. And the America of today is about as good as it's ever going to be and certainly better than any other country, now or throughout history!
So let's see what Antifa has to offer:
They are "anti fascist" which would indicate that they are against a fascist dictator and fascist martial government. Great except America is not ruled by a dictator or a martial government. So what are they protesting?!?
They believe in using violence to force people to follow their philosophy and political ideology. This sounds like fascism to me.
Fascists believe in the government taking over the economy, regimenting all commerce and trade with strict enforcement by a martial government. Antifa wants to socialize our economy. They want governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods. Sounds fascist to me.
Fascists want to to have control over the way people behave, think, and live to be enforced with strict discipline. Antifa wants everyone to behave, think and live according to their philosophy and political ideologies and are willing to use violence to force people to follow the party line. Sounds fascist to me.
Fascists are aggressive nationalists and racist. Antifa are racist in their hatred of the white race and their desire to punish the white race for perceived offenses. Sounds fascist to me.
So, Antifa protestors are protesting against non-existent fascism in America in a fascist way in order to force us all into a fascist uniformity just like Mussolini and his fascist government did back in 1917-1945! Antifa are fascists protesting fascism.
Diversity is healthy. Equality will never be 100% but, in the America of today, we are closer than we've ever been. Discussion is welcomed. Learning new ideas and broadening our horizons shows maturity. Agreeing to disagree is sometimes the wisest thing to do to keep the peace. But the fanaticism to force others to think and behave (and vote) in uniformity enforced with violence is wrong no matter which side you are on. White supremacists who believe in white power and the BM who believe in black power and the Antifa who believe in anarchy are ALL wrong! When you are ready to vandalize other people's property, businesses and public property... when you are ready to threaten, attack and assault people... when you are ready to threaten and assassinate an elected political official and their family... when you are ready to burn cars, smash windows, deface and destroy monuments, loot and steal... when you are ready to scream obscenities and disrupt daily business... when you are ready to murder policemen... then you should be ready to go to jail.
Antifa Violence Finally Covered on MSNBC
In order to keep the peace and protect the innocent, we have laws. You break the laws, then law enforcement should enforce the laws by arresting your butt. And the justice system should enforce the laws by throwing your sorry butt in jail! If a white supremacist burned a black man's house down then I would expect the police to arrest the culprit(s) and I would expect them to go to jail and pay the price. I expect no less for a BLM protestor or an Antifa thug who breaks the law. There are ways to make changes that don't include breaking the law! Every 4 years you have a chance to work within the system to make a change. Work for your political candidate of choice. Donate money to their campaign. Put out signs, make phone calls, go door-to-door. Peacefully protest. Make your opinions known. Don't force your opinion, but you are free to make them known. And VOTE! If your candidate of choice doesn't win, then work harder next time. Because in 4 years, you will have another chance. That's America! I have lived long enough to know that sometimes my candidate of choice wins and sometimes they don't. I have to live with Democrat presidents and congressmen just like you have to live with Republican presidents and congressmen.
I'm tired of entitled, spoiled brat, ignorant people who demand their own way. They obviously don't have enough to do, have a job, or have a life. They seemingly can afford to waste time, ganging up and going rogue! So many are nearly illiterate and yet they are making demands!?! They know nothing about economics, history, political science, world religions, science... yet they grab a club and a mask and make ridiculous demands:
Chanelle Helm, the so-called “cofounder and core organizer of Black Lives Matter Louisville,” wrote an article titled “White people, here are 10 requests from a Black Lives Matter leader.” 1. White people, if you don’t have any descendants, will your property to a black or brown family. Preferably one that lives in generational poverty.
2. White people, if you’re inheriting property you intend to sell upon acceptance, give it to a black or brown family. You’re bound to make that money in some other white privileged way.
3. If you are a developer or realty owner of multi-family housing, build a sustainable complex in a black or brown blighted neighborhood and let black and brown people live in it for free.
4. White people, if you can afford to downsize, give up the home you own to a black or brown family. Preferably a family from generational poverty.
5. White people, if any of the people you intend to leave your property to are racists assholes, change the will, and will your property to a black or brown family. Preferably a family from generational poverty.
6. White people, re-budget your monthly so you can donate to black funds for land purchasing.
7. White people, especially white women (because this is yaw specialty — Nosey Jenny and Meddling Kathy), get a racist fired. Yaw know what the fuck they be saying. You are complicit when you ignore them. Get your boss fired cause they racist too.
8. Backing up No. 7, this should be easy but all those sheetless Klan, Nazi’s and Other lil’ dick-white men will all be returning to work. Get they ass fired. Call the police even: they look suspicious.
9. OK, backing up No. 8, if any white person at your work, or as you enter in spaces and you overhear a white person praising the actions from yesterday, first, get a pic. Get their name and more info. Hell, find out where they work — Get Them Fired. But certainly address them, and, if you need to, you got hands: use them.
10. Commit to two things: Fighting white supremacy where and how you can (this doesn’t mean taking up knitting, unless you’re making scarves for black and brown kids in need), and funding black and brown people and their work.
Antifa Member Embarrasses Himself on Every Topic
I think the members of the BLM and Antifa organizations are thugs and criminals in masks. They have embraced something to give them a reason, excuse and justification for their criminal behavior and the hate that fills their hearts. They are feeling powerful and it's intoxicating. They get in a mob mode and the cameras are rolling. It has nothing to do with any real beliefs or altruistic ideologies.
To tie this up. I'm a Christian, a white Christian woman. I'm persecuted because I'm a Christian, because I'm white and because I'm a woman. My Lord teaches me that I should love God and my fellow man. As a sinful human being, I know how easy it is to look down on and despise anyone who is different than me. But as a Christian I try to overcome this base sin.
Whether based on race, religion, gender, economic background, nationality, etc. we are equally loved by God! He created us and we are each unique masterpieces. But we are also born with a sinful nature. We love sin. It's our nature. God created Adam and Eve to be a triune being as God is a triune God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit, three in one! Adam and Eve were created in God's image and we are a 3 part being: body, mind (soul) and spirit. When Adam and Eve sinned in the Garden of Eden, their spirits died and from then on these humans, who were made to be in God's image and be a triune being, were handicapped because we only had our mind (soul) and body. The spirit was what communed with God and enjoyed a oneness with God. We were separated from God because we had sinned and our spirit had died. But Jesus came that each of us could be saved. Christians call it being "born again" because when we become believers, our spirit is born and we become a triune being, the way we were suppose to be. And our spirit can now enjoy being one with God in communion with Him!
For those who have not yet accepted, or who will never accept, Jesus as their Savior, they are lost. And we cannot expect a lost, unsaved person to act any better. They are handicapped with a dead spirit, they are not in fellowship with God, and we can expect no less from them. They are not going to behave in a Christ-like manner because they don't know Christ and their spirit is dead. They don't know any better. All they know is hatred, anger, selfishness, etc. It's their nature and it's all they know.
(Anyone can become a believer in Christ and can accept His forgiveness and love and be born again. It's as simple as reaching out to Him and asking Him to be the Lord of your life and asking His forgiveness for your sin. If you have truly believed and have been converted, in that instant!, you are born again! Your have a new spirit and have become a triune being. You can have fellowship with God. The Holy Spirit comes to live with your new baby spirit, to teach, train, guide, and support you as you mature in Christ by the renewing of your mind. There is no one that cannot be saved. Jesus took on all the sins of the world - even, and especially, your sins. God loves you and provided a way for you to be saved. He stands at the door of your heart and knocks. Please invite Him in today.)
For those of us who are Christians, we should know better than to hate others. I'm still human, but I must strive to be better. I get angry with what I see on from these ignorant BLM and Antifa protests. I get disgusted and I can think and say things that are not Christ-like. But the Holy Spirit reminds me this is wrong and I have to ask forgiveness for these feelings and try to do better. We all should. Keep our hearts free from hatred, give these overwhelming problems to the Lord and trust Him for the outcome and solutions. I also should be careful in what I say. These people, who make me so mad, are just as loved by God as I am. I should keep in mind that they are also master works of art by their Creator God and He loves them. They are in a mess and making some very bad choices, but God loves them anyway. I should respect them enough not to curse them, call them names, or wish them any harm. If for no other reason than that they are God's creation and He loves them.
I can make my opinions known in ways that are not threatening, retaliatory or ugly. I can protest in peaceful ways. I can participate in the political system and voting in order to bring change. I can pray and trust God. I can strive to be helpful and cooperative rather than antagonistic and demanding. I can make a stand when necessary but without anger and rancour. I can attempt to keep a balance in my heart and in my life and try to keep God as my first priority.
Finally, there are times when it's best to keep our mouths shut. We may want to argue, debate, get our point across, stand up for ourselves, shout and force our opinion. We can state our beliefs in a positive way. After that, it may be time to be quiet. First, we rarely convert anyone to our way of thinking. Second, it rehearses the problem over and over again instead of focusing on the solutions. Third, we tend to escalate and before you know it, it's a shouting match with no one the winner. Fifth, we may fall into gossip, slander, name calling, exaggeration, etc. Sometimes the old saying, "If you can't say anything good, then don't say anything at all", is wisdom.
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Some Quotes
C.S.A. General Robert E. Lee, "I have fought against the people of the North because I believed they were seeking to wrest from the South its dearest rights. But I have never cherished toward them bitter or vindictive feelings, and I have never seen the day when I did not pray for them."
U.S.A. General Ulysses S. Grant, "The art of war is simple enough. Find out where your enemy is. Get at him as soon as you can. Strike him as hard as you can, and keep moving on."
C.S.A. General Stonewall Jackson letter to his pastor after the First Battle of Bull Run, "My dear pastor, in my tent last night, after a fatiguing day's service, I remembered that I failed to send a contribution for our colored Sunday school. Enclosed you will find a check for that object, which please acknowledge at your earliest convenience and oblige yours faithfully."
U.S.A. General William Tecumseh Sherman in a letter to his wife dated 7/1864, "I regard the death and mangling of a couple thousand men as a small affair, a kind of morning dash — and it may be well that we become so hardened."
Quote from Sherman's memoirs, "You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out. I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace. But you cannot have peace and a division of our country. If the United States submits to a division now, it will not stop, but will go on until we reap the fate of Mexico, which is eternal war. The United States does and must assert its authority, wherever it once had power; for, if it relaxes one bit to pressure, it is gone, and I believe that such is the national feeling."
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Did you know...
Though C.S.A. General James Longstreet was a Confederate in the war, after the war, he joined the Republican Party and supported rights and freedoms for former slaves which made him unpopular to former Confederates harrassed and impoverished by the War and Reconstruction. Longstreet was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse" and "the staff in my right hand." He served under Lee as a corps commander for many of the famous battles fought by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Eastern Theater, but also with Gen. Braxton Bragg in the Army of Tennessee in the Western Theater. Biographer and historian Jeffry D. Wert wrote that Longstreet, "was the finest corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia; in fact, he was arguably the best corps commander in the conflict on either side." After the War, he led African-American militia against the anti-Reconstruction White League at the Battle of Liberty Place in 1874 in which he was eventually pulled from his horse, shot by a spent bullet (i.e. not badly injured) and taken prisoner. Criticism from authors in the Lost Cause movement attacked Longstreet's war career for many years after his death. Knudsen maintains that because Longstreet became a "reconstructed rebel", embraced equal rights for blacks, unification of the nation, and Reconstruction, he became the target of those who wanted to maintain racist policies and otherwise could not accept the verdict of the battlefield.
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David "Davy" Crockett
David Crockett was born 8/17/1786 in Greene County, TN to John Wesley Crockett (DOB 8/17/1754 in Crockett's Creek, Wythe County, VA; DOD 1/30/1834 in Gibson, Gibson County, TN) and Rebecca Sullivan Hawkins (DOB Abt 1764 in MD; DOD Abt 1796 in Rutherford, Gibson County, TN). He was the fifth of nine children born. At the time many of the region’s residents considered themselves citizens of the State of Franklin, a breakaway territory that had declared its independence from North Carolina two years earlier. Supporters of the movement — including Crockett’s father, John— pushed for Franklin to enter the union as the 14th U.S. state, but the fledgling territory fell just shy of the required vote total in Congress. Following a stint as an independent republic, Franklin was eventually reclaimed by North Carolina in 1789. By 1796, its lands had become part of the newly formed state of Tennessee.
The Crocketts were of mostly French-Huguenot ancestry. The earliest known paternal ancestor was Gabriel Gustave de Crocketagne, whose son Antoine de Saussure Peronette de Crocketagne was given a commission in the Household Troops under French King Louis XIV. Antoine married Louise de Saix and immigrated to Ireland with her, changing the family name to Crockett. Their son Joseph Louis Crockett, was born in Ireland and married Sarah Stewart. Joseph and Sarah emigrated to New York, where their son William David Crockett was born in 1709. He married Elizabeth Boulay. William and Elizabeth's son David Crockett was born in Pennsylvania and married Elizabeth Hedge. They were the parents of John Wesley Crockett, father of Davy Crockett.
John was born c. 1753 in Frederick County, Virginia. The family moved to Tryon County, North Carolinac. 1768. In 1776, the family moved to northeast Tennessee, in the area now known as Hawkins County. John was one of the Overmountain Men who fought in the Battle of Kings Mountain during the American Revolutionary War. He was away as a militia volunteer in 1777 when David and Elizabeth were killed at their home near today's Rogersville by Creeks and Chickamauga Cherokees led by war chief Dragging Canoe. John's brother, Joseph, was wounded in the skirmish. His brother James was taken prisoner and held for seventeen years.
John married Rebecca Hawkins in 1780. Their son, David "Davy" Crockett, was born August 17, 1786, and they named him after John's father. David was born in what is now Greene County, Tennessee (at the time part of North Carolina), close to the Nolichucky River and near the community of Limestone. Crockett's father taught him to shoot a rifle when he was just 8 years old. As a youngster, he eagerly accompanied his older brothers on hunting trips.
Davy Crockett began his formal education began at 12 or 13, when his father arranged for him to attend a local school. “I went four days,” the frontiersman later wrote in his autobiography, “and had just began to learn my letters a little, when I had an unfortunate falling out with one of the scholars—a boy much larger and older than myself.” The strong-willed Crockett eventually ambushed the bully after class and gave him a severe beating. He then began skipping school to avoid punishment. When his father tried to give him a whipping, he ran away from home joining a cattle drive.
John continually struggled to make ends meet, and the Crocketts moved to a tract of land on Lick Creek in 1792. John sold that tract of land in 1794 and moved the family to Cove Creek, where he built a gristmill with partner Thomas Galbraith. A flood destroyed the gristmill and the Crockett homestead. The Crocketts then moved to Mossy Creek in Jefferson County, Tennessee, but John forfeited his property in bankruptcy in 1795. The family next moved on to property owned by a Quaker named John Canady. At Morristown in the Southwest Territory, John built a tavern on a stage coach route.
Following the moves of the family.
Frederick County, VA
Tryon County, NC
Hawkins County, TN
Rogersville, Hawkins County, TN in red
Greene County, TN - Greene County developed from the "Nolichucky settlement," established by pioneer Jacob Brown on land leased in the early 1770s from the Cherokee people. The Nolichucky settlement was aligned with the Watauga settlement, centered in modern Elizabethton. After the United States became independent, Greene County was formed in 1783 from the original Washington County, North Carolina, part of the former Washington District. The county is named for Major General Nathanael Greene (1742-1786), a major general in the Continental Army from Rhode Island. John Crockett, father of Davy Crockett, and his wife settled in the county near Limestone. David was born there in 1786. At the time, the area was part of the extra-legal state Franklin.
City:
Tusculum
Towns:
Baileyton
Greeneville (county seat)
Mosheim
Census-designated place:
Fall Branch (partial)
Unincorporated communities:
Afton
Camp Creek
Chuckey
Cross Anchor
DeBusk
Grandview
Horse Creek
Jearoldstown
Liberty Hill
Limestone (Washington College Academy was founded in Limestone in 1780 by Rev. Samuel Doak, and was the first institution to bear the name of the first American president. Limestone was the birthplace of David Crockett (1786) to John and Rebecca Crockett.)
Midway
Mohawk
Newmansville
Orebank
Ottway
Rheatown
Romeo
South Greene
Warrensburg
Crockett's birth cabin in Greene county, TN
Lick Creek, Greene County, TN
Cove Creek, Greene county, TN
Jefferson county, TN
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Morristown, Hamblen county, TN - Morristown is a city in and the county seat of Hamblen County, TN. Morristown is primarily located in Hamblen County while a small portion of the city is located in Jefferson County. The first European settler of what eventually became Morristown was farmer Gideon Morris from the Watauga Settlement, a short-lived semi-autonomous settlement located in northeast Tennessee that was originally leased from the resident Cherokee tribes during the 1770s. It was here that John Wesley Crockett built a tavern and settled down. When Davy was 12 years old, his father indentured him to Jacob Siler to help with the Crockett family indebtedness. He helped tend Siler's cattle as a buckaroo on a 400-mile trip to near Natural Bridge, VA. He was well treated and paid for his services but, after several weeks in Virginia, he decided to return home to Tennessee. He joined a cattle drive to Front Royal, VA for Jesse Cheek. Then he joined teamster Adam Myers on a trip to Gerrardstown, WV. After leaving Myers, he journeyed to Christiansburg, VA, where he apprenticed for the next four years with hatter Elijah Griffith. In 1802, at the age of 16, David journeyed by foot back to his father's tavern in Tennessee. His father was in debt to Abraham Wilson for $36, so David was hired out to Wilson to pay off the debt. Later, he worked off a $40 debt to John Canady. Once the debts were paid, John Crockett told his son that he was free to leave. David returned to Canady's employment, where he stayed for four years.
Franklin County, TN
Lawrence Count, TN
Lincoln County, TN
Gibson County, TN - Gibson County is located in what was known as "Indian Land": territory occupied by the Chickasaw. The Chickasaw Cession, proclaimed on January 7, 1819, opened the region for settlement by white settlers and speculators. Soon after the Chickasaw Cession, the first log cabin in what was Carroll County had been built by Thomas Fite about eight miles east of present-day Trenton. In 1819 Thomas Fite built the first cabin in Gibson County, which was then part of Carroll County. Luke Biggs, Davy Crockett, and others followed. From 1819 the area was part of Carroll County but, as settlement progressed, citizens petitioned for the formation of a new county. The county was established by private act on October 21, 1823 and was named in honor of Colonel John H. Gibson who had died earlier that year. Gibson was a native of Bedford County, Tennessee who was commissioned Lieutenant in the Tennessee Militia; he took part in the War of 1812, the campaign to Natchez of 1813, and fought in the Creek Wars of 1813. In its early years, Gibson County grew rapidly, chiefly because the land had less dense forest growth than some adjacent areas and was therefore more easily prepared to farm cotton and corn. In 1837 the county line between Gibson and Weakley counties was adjusted to include the southwestern corner of Weakley County, all land below the South Fork of the Obion in Gibson County. This simplified travel to a county seat by eliminating the need for river crossings but thereby robbed Weakley County of its most famous citizen, David Crockett, who had been killed in Texas the year before. In 1871 the newly created Crocket County acquired Gibson County territory south of the Middle Fork of the Forked Deer River for essentially the same reasons.-Wikipedia
Cities:
Dyer
Humboldt (partial)
Medina
Milan
Trenton (county seat)
Yorkville
Towns:
Bradford
Gibson
Kenton (partial)
Rutherford
Unincorporated communities:
Brazil
Eaton
Frog Jump
Fruitland
Graball
Hopewell
Idlewild
Skullbone
Neighboring Counties:
Carroll
Crockett
Dyer
Madison
Obion
Weakley
The places Crockett and his immediate family lived in.
Crockett fell in love with John Canady's niece, Amy Summer, but she was engaged to Canady's son, Robert. As part of the wedding party, Crockett met Margaret Elder. He asked her to marry him and a marriage contract was drawn up on October 21, 1805 (Davy was 19 yrs old) but the fickle Margaret became engaged to another young man at the same time and married him instead. He met Mary Elizabeth "Polly" Finley and her mother at a harvest festival. In his autobiography Crockett recalled "she looked sweeter than sugar". They fell in love. Her mother was friendly to him at first but felt Crockett was not right for Polly. Crockett would marry Polly, regardless. He took out a marriage license on 8/12/1806. He and some of his friends came to pick up Polly to go get married but her father insisted she be married at home. They were married 8/16/1806 at Finleys Gap, Jefferson county, TN. They married at her parents home despite her mother's original objections.
Mary "Polly" Finley was born 1/4/1788 in Jefferson County, TN to William Finley (DOB Abt 1765; DOD Abt 1819) and Jean Kennedy.
Davy and Polly Crockett had 3 children:
1) John Wesley Crockett (DOB 7/10/1807 in Franklin County, TN, DOD 11/24/1854 in Shelby County, TN) married Martha Turner Hamilton.
2) William Finley Crockett (DOB 11/25/1809 in Jefferson County, TN; DOD 1/12/1846 in Arkansas County, AR) married Clorinda Boyett.
3) Margaret Finley Crockett (DOB 11/25/1812 in Franklin County, TN; DOD Abt 1860 in Gibson County, TN) married Wiley Flowers.
In 1813, 27-year-old Crockett was among the thousands of Tennesseans who joined the state militia to fight against the “Red Sticks,” a faction of Creek Indians who had attacked American settlers at Fort Mims, Alabama. Crockett spent most of the Creek War working as a scout and wild game hunter, but he was also present when future president Andrew Jackson—then the commander of Tennessee’s militia—led his volunteers in the slaughter of some 200 Red Sticks at the Creek village of Tallushatchee. He participated in this massacre of Indians at Tallussahatchee in northern Alabama, but returned home when his enlistment was up, Crockett later served as a sergeant during Jackson’s War of 1812 campaign in Spanish Florida, but saw little action before his enlistment ended in 1815.
James and Margaret Elizabeth Patton moved to Tennessee and James Patton fought in the Creek Wars. As he lay dying he asked his friend and fellow Indian fighter, David Crockett, to take his personal effects back to his wife. David honored his friend’s dying request and in the process of returning the personal belongings, met Elizabeth Patton.
Crockett tried his hand at everything from farming to manufacturing wood barrels and gunpowder, but he found his greatest success as a professional hunter. He spent much of his life stalking black bears in the woods of Tennessee and selling their pelts, meat and oil for profit. He even claimed to have bagged 105 of the animals in a seven-month period during the winter of 1825-26.
Not long after his return from the Creek Wars, Polly Finley Crockett died in March 1815 in Bean's Creek, Franklin County, TN. Crockett asked his brother, John, and his sister-in-law to move in with him to help care for the children. Later that same year, he married the widow Elizabeth Patton. He thought of the pretty widow Patton, and upon inquiry, he found that she had moved back to her father’s home in Swannanoa in Buncombe County, NC. He followed her there. Elizabeth Patton was not “bowled over,” and it took Crockett a considerable length of time to persuade her to marry him. After they married and returned to Tennessee, Crockett was a frequent visitor to Buncombe County. David and his companions frequently traveled the road from Asheville to Old Fort by way of Black Mountain. When a toll charge was put on this road, Crockett and others were furious, and decided to find another way to get from Asheville to Old Fort. Crockett went up the old Asheville-Charlotte Road (now U.S. 74) to Fairview.
Margaret Elizabeth "Betsy" Patton was born 5/22/1788 in Buncombe County, North Carolina. She married her first cousin, James Patton (DOB Abt 1784 in Buncombe County, NC; DOD 11/23/1814 of multiple wounds during the Creek Indian War in Blount County, AL) on 4/7/1808 in Kentucky. They had two children: George Patton and Margaret Ann Patton.
They had three children:
1) Robert Patton Crockett (DOB 9/8/1816 in Franklin County, TN; DOD 9/23/1889 in Hood County, TX) married Matilda Porter, Louise Adeline Causey Wohlford, Lydia A Eaton Corley Ellis
2) Rebecca Elvira Crockett (DOB 12/25/1818 in TN; DOD 3/23/1879 in Acton, Hood County, TX) married George Kimbrough and James Marion Halford.
3) Matilda Crockett (DOB 8/2/1821 in Lawrence County, TN; DOD 7/6/1890 in Kenton, Gibson County, TN) married Thomas P. Tyson, James Wilson and Redland Fields.
Crockett was a natural leader. In 1817, Crockett moved the family to new acreage in Lawrence County, where he first entered public office as a commissioner helping to configure the new county's boundaries. He advanced from justice of the peace to two terms in the Tennessee legislature. In 1817, Crockett moved the family to new acreage in Lawrence County, where he first entered public office as a commissioner helping to configure the new county's boundaries. He favored legislation to ease the tax burden on the poor. Crockett spent his entire legislative career fighting for the rights of impoverished settlers who he felt dangled on the precipice of losing title to their land due to the state's complicated system of grants.
Less than two weeks after Crockett's1821 election to the General Assembly, a flood of the Tennessee River destroyed Crockett's businesses. In November, Elizabeth's father, Robert Patton, deeded 800 acres of his Carroll County property to Crockett. Crockett sold off most of the acreage to help settle his debts, and moved his family to the remaining acreage on the Obion River, which remained in Carroll County until 1825 when the boundaries were reconfigured and put it in Gibson County.
In 1823, he ran against Andrew Jackson's nephew-in-law William Edward Butler and won a seat in the General Assembly representing the counties of Carroll, Humphreys, Perry, Henderson and Madison. He served in the first session, which ran from September through the end of November 1823, and in the second session that ran September through the end of November 1824, championing the rights of the impoverished farmers.
In 1831Elizabeth Patton Crockett herself returned to Swannanoa for a visit. When she was ready to go back, her father, Robert Patton, decided to go with her, and died there a year later in 1832. David Crockett became the administrator of his estate
On October 25, 1824Crockett announced his intention to run for U.S. House of Representatives. He lost that race but tried again and he easily defeated both political opponents for the 1827–29 term. He arrived in Washington D.C. and took up residence at Mrs. Ball's Boarding House, where a number of other legislators lived when Congress was in session. Jackson was elected as President in 1828. Crockett continued his legislative focus on settlers getting a fair deal for land titles, offering H.R. 27 amendment to a bill sponsored by James K. Polk. Crockett was re-elected for the 1829–31 session. He introduced H.R. 185 amendment to the land bill on January 29, 1830, but it was defeated on May 3. On February 25, 1830, he introduced a resolution to abolish the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York because he felt that it was public money going to benefit the sons of wealthy men. He spoke out against Congress giving $100,000 to the widow of Stephen Decatur, citing that Congress was not empowered to do that. He opposed Jackson's 1830 Indian Removal Act and was the only member of the Tennessee delegation to vote against it. Cherokee chief John Ross sent him a letter on January 13, 1831 expressing his thanks for Crockett's vote. His vote was not popular with his own district, and he was defeated in the 1831 election by William Fitzgerald. "I believed it was a wicked, unjust measure…. I voted against this Indian bill, and my conscience yet tells me that I gave a good honest vote, and one that I believe will not make me ashamed in the day of judgement." - David Crockett, A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett. He broke with Andrew Jackson over a number of issues and was defeated in 1831; in 1833 he returned to Congress, this time as a Whig.Crockett ran against Fitzgerald again in the 1833 election and was returned to Congress, serving until 1835. On January 2, 1834, he introduced the land title resolution H.R. 126, but it never made it as far as being debated on the House floor. He was defeated for re-election in the August 1835 election by Adam Huntsman. On January 30, 1835, the two men were part of a crowd of lawmakers leaving the U.S. Capitol after a state funeral. As Jackson passed near the East Portico, a crazed gunman named Richard Lawrence emerged from a throng of spectators and shot at him with two pistols—both of which miraculously misfired. “Old Hickory” supposedly responded by whacking Lawrence with his cane. Crockett, meanwhile, was one of several bystanders who disarmed the would-be assassin and wrestled him to the ground.
By December 1834, Crockett was writing to friends about moving to Texas if Jackson's chosen successor Martin Van Buren was elected President. he grew disillusioned with politics and decided to join the fight in the Texas War of Independence. The next year, he discussed with his friend Benjamin McCulloch raising a company of volunteers to take to Texas in the expectation that a revolution was imminent. His departure to Texas was delayed by a court appearance in the last week of October as co-executor of his deceased father-in-law's estate; he finally left his home near Rutherford in West Tennessee with three other men on Nov. 1, 1835 to explore Texas. In 1836, newspapers published the now-famous quotation attributed to Crockett upon his return to his home state: "I told the people of my district that I would serve them as faithfully as I had done; but if not, they might go to hell, and I would go to Texas."
Crockett, 49 years old, traveled with 30 well-armed men to Jackson, TN, where he gave a speech from the steps of the Madison County courthouse, and they arrived in Little Rock, Arkansas on November 12, 1835. He was famous and everywhere he went he was welcomed by people coming to see the great frontiersman and Congressman. Newspapers built him into a mythical figure.
Crockett arrived in Nacogdoches, Texas in early January 1836. On January 14, he and 65 other men signed an oath before Judge John Forbes to the Provisional Government of Texas for six months: "I have taken the oath of government and have enrolled my name as a volunteer and will set out for the Rio Grande in a few days with the volunteers from the United States." Each man was promised about 4,600 acres of land as payment.
Several months previously, Texians had driven all Mexican troops out of Mexican Texas. About 100 Texians were then garrisoned at the Alamo. The Texian force grew slightly with the arrival of reinforcements led by eventual Alamo co-commanders James Bowie and William B. Travis. On February 23, approximately 1,500 Mexicans marched into San Antonio de Béxar as the first step in a campaign to retake Texas.
On February 6, Crockett and five other men rode into San Antonio de Bexar and camped just outside the town. Crockett arrived at the Alamo Mission in San Antonio on February 8, 1836. The Mexican army arrived on 2/23/1836 led by General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. They immediately set up a siege. Santa Anna ordered his artillery to keep up a near-constant bombardment. The guns were moved closer to the Alamo each day, increasing their effectiveness. On 2/25/1836, they were 90 to 100 yards from the Alamo walls. The fort fired shot and the men fired rifles while volunteers burned the shacks that had been used by the Mexicans for cover. Alamo commander William Barret Travis sent many messages asking for reinforcements. Some men made it through to help reinforce. But on 3/6/1836, the Mexican Army attacked while the men slept (the Mexican artillery had quit firing on them and they took the quiet time to sleep). The noncombatants gathered in the church sacristy. Crockett paused briefly in the chapel to say a prayer before running to his post. The Mexican soldiers breached the north outer walls of the Alamo complex, and most of the Texians fell back to the barracks and the chapel, as previously planned. Crockett and his men, however, were too far from the barracks to take shelter and were the last remaining group to be in the open. They defended the low wall in front of the church, using their rifles as clubs and relying on knives, as the action was too furious to allow reloading. Some 200 defenders died in the 90 minute battle.
Some of the men evidently surrendered or were taken alive, but it was said that General Santa Anna refused to take prisoners and commanded they be murdered. Staff officers drew their swords and killed them. Crockett either died in the battle or was killed by the Mexican officers after the battle. Either way, he and his fellow fighters died as heroes! Santa Anna ordered his men to take the bodies to a nearby stand of trees, where they were stacked together and wood piled on top. That evening, they lit a fire and burned their bodies to ashes. The ashes were left undisturbed until February 1837, when Juan Seguin and his cavalry returned to Bexar to examine the remains. A local carpenter created a simple coffin, and ashes from the funeral pyres were placed inside. The names of Travis, Crockett, and Bowie were inscribed on the lid. The coffin is thought to have been buried in a peach tree grove, but the spot was not marked and can no longer be identified.
The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Santa Anna's cruelty during the battle inspired many Texians—both Texas settlers and adventurers from the United States—to join the Texian Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, 1836, ending the revolution.
Of the noncombatants, in an attempt to convince other slaves in Texas to support the Mexican government over the Texian rebellion, Santa Anna spared Travis' slave, Joe. Each woman was given a blanket and two silver pesos. Juana Navarro Alsbury and the other Tejano women were allowed to return to their homes in Béxar; Susanna Dickinson, her daughter and Joe were sent to Gonzales, escorted by Ben. They were encouraged to relate the events of the battle, and to inform the remainder of the Texian forces that Santa Anna's army was unbeatable. These were the survivors who told the story.
In the 1840 U.S. Census it looks like Eizabeth Patton Crockett is living with her married daughter, Rebecca Elvira Crockett Kimbrough in Dyer, Gibson County, TN. In the 1850 U.S. Census, Elizabeth Patton Crockett is living in Gibson County, TN with her widowed daughter, Matilda Crockett Tyson.
Some time later Elizabeth Crockett and all three children, John W., William and Margaret, carried out the moved to Texas on their own. Elizabeth died 1/31/1860 in Acton, Hood County, TX.
Sources:
Wikipedia.com
History.com
Biography.com
History.net
TrueWestMagazine.com/how-did-davy-really-die-2/
http://www.obcgs.com/crockett-david-and-elizabeth-patton/
The Crocketts were of mostly French-Huguenot ancestry. The earliest known paternal ancestor was Gabriel Gustave de Crocketagne, whose son Antoine de Saussure Peronette de Crocketagne was given a commission in the Household Troops under French King Louis XIV. Antoine married Louise de Saix and immigrated to Ireland with her, changing the family name to Crockett. Their son Joseph Louis Crockett, was born in Ireland and married Sarah Stewart. Joseph and Sarah emigrated to New York, where their son William David Crockett was born in 1709. He married Elizabeth Boulay. William and Elizabeth's son David Crockett was born in Pennsylvania and married Elizabeth Hedge. They were the parents of John Wesley Crockett, father of Davy Crockett.
John was born c. 1753 in Frederick County, Virginia. The family moved to Tryon County, North Carolinac. 1768. In 1776, the family moved to northeast Tennessee, in the area now known as Hawkins County. John was one of the Overmountain Men who fought in the Battle of Kings Mountain during the American Revolutionary War. He was away as a militia volunteer in 1777 when David and Elizabeth were killed at their home near today's Rogersville by Creeks and Chickamauga Cherokees led by war chief Dragging Canoe. John's brother, Joseph, was wounded in the skirmish. His brother James was taken prisoner and held for seventeen years.
John married Rebecca Hawkins in 1780. Their son, David "Davy" Crockett, was born August 17, 1786, and they named him after John's father. David was born in what is now Greene County, Tennessee (at the time part of North Carolina), close to the Nolichucky River and near the community of Limestone. Crockett's father taught him to shoot a rifle when he was just 8 years old. As a youngster, he eagerly accompanied his older brothers on hunting trips.
Davy Crockett began his formal education began at 12 or 13, when his father arranged for him to attend a local school. “I went four days,” the frontiersman later wrote in his autobiography, “and had just began to learn my letters a little, when I had an unfortunate falling out with one of the scholars—a boy much larger and older than myself.” The strong-willed Crockett eventually ambushed the bully after class and gave him a severe beating. He then began skipping school to avoid punishment. When his father tried to give him a whipping, he ran away from home joining a cattle drive.
John continually struggled to make ends meet, and the Crocketts moved to a tract of land on Lick Creek in 1792. John sold that tract of land in 1794 and moved the family to Cove Creek, where he built a gristmill with partner Thomas Galbraith. A flood destroyed the gristmill and the Crockett homestead. The Crocketts then moved to Mossy Creek in Jefferson County, Tennessee, but John forfeited his property in bankruptcy in 1795. The family next moved on to property owned by a Quaker named John Canady. At Morristown in the Southwest Territory, John built a tavern on a stage coach route.
Following the moves of the family.
Frederick County, VA
Tryon County, NC
Hawkins County, TN
Rogersville, Hawkins County, TN in red
Greene County, TN - Greene County developed from the "Nolichucky settlement," established by pioneer Jacob Brown on land leased in the early 1770s from the Cherokee people. The Nolichucky settlement was aligned with the Watauga settlement, centered in modern Elizabethton. After the United States became independent, Greene County was formed in 1783 from the original Washington County, North Carolina, part of the former Washington District. The county is named for Major General Nathanael Greene (1742-1786), a major general in the Continental Army from Rhode Island. John Crockett, father of Davy Crockett, and his wife settled in the county near Limestone. David was born there in 1786. At the time, the area was part of the extra-legal state Franklin.
City:
Tusculum
Towns:
Baileyton
Greeneville (county seat)
Mosheim
Census-designated place:
Fall Branch (partial)
Unincorporated communities:
Afton
Camp Creek
Chuckey
Cross Anchor
DeBusk
Grandview
Horse Creek
Jearoldstown
Liberty Hill
Limestone (Washington College Academy was founded in Limestone in 1780 by Rev. Samuel Doak, and was the first institution to bear the name of the first American president. Limestone was the birthplace of David Crockett (1786) to John and Rebecca Crockett.)
Midway
Mohawk
Newmansville
Orebank
Ottway
Rheatown
Romeo
South Greene
Warrensburg
Crockett's birth cabin in Greene county, TN
Lick Creek, Greene County, TN
Cove Creek, Greene county, TN
Jefferson county, TN
Mossy Creek, Jefferson City, Jefferson county, TN

Morristown, Hamblen county, TN - Morristown is a city in and the county seat of Hamblen County, TN. Morristown is primarily located in Hamblen County while a small portion of the city is located in Jefferson County. The first European settler of what eventually became Morristown was farmer Gideon Morris from the Watauga Settlement, a short-lived semi-autonomous settlement located in northeast Tennessee that was originally leased from the resident Cherokee tribes during the 1770s. It was here that John Wesley Crockett built a tavern and settled down. When Davy was 12 years old, his father indentured him to Jacob Siler to help with the Crockett family indebtedness. He helped tend Siler's cattle as a buckaroo on a 400-mile trip to near Natural Bridge, VA. He was well treated and paid for his services but, after several weeks in Virginia, he decided to return home to Tennessee. He joined a cattle drive to Front Royal, VA for Jesse Cheek. Then he joined teamster Adam Myers on a trip to Gerrardstown, WV. After leaving Myers, he journeyed to Christiansburg, VA, where he apprenticed for the next four years with hatter Elijah Griffith. In 1802, at the age of 16, David journeyed by foot back to his father's tavern in Tennessee. His father was in debt to Abraham Wilson for $36, so David was hired out to Wilson to pay off the debt. Later, he worked off a $40 debt to John Canady. Once the debts were paid, John Crockett told his son that he was free to leave. David returned to Canady's employment, where he stayed for four years.
Franklin County, TN
Lawrence Count, TN
Gibson County, TN - Gibson County is located in what was known as "Indian Land": territory occupied by the Chickasaw. The Chickasaw Cession, proclaimed on January 7, 1819, opened the region for settlement by white settlers and speculators. Soon after the Chickasaw Cession, the first log cabin in what was Carroll County had been built by Thomas Fite about eight miles east of present-day Trenton. In 1819 Thomas Fite built the first cabin in Gibson County, which was then part of Carroll County. Luke Biggs, Davy Crockett, and others followed. From 1819 the area was part of Carroll County but, as settlement progressed, citizens petitioned for the formation of a new county. The county was established by private act on October 21, 1823 and was named in honor of Colonel John H. Gibson who had died earlier that year. Gibson was a native of Bedford County, Tennessee who was commissioned Lieutenant in the Tennessee Militia; he took part in the War of 1812, the campaign to Natchez of 1813, and fought in the Creek Wars of 1813. In its early years, Gibson County grew rapidly, chiefly because the land had less dense forest growth than some adjacent areas and was therefore more easily prepared to farm cotton and corn. In 1837 the county line between Gibson and Weakley counties was adjusted to include the southwestern corner of Weakley County, all land below the South Fork of the Obion in Gibson County. This simplified travel to a county seat by eliminating the need for river crossings but thereby robbed Weakley County of its most famous citizen, David Crockett, who had been killed in Texas the year before. In 1871 the newly created Crocket County acquired Gibson County territory south of the Middle Fork of the Forked Deer River for essentially the same reasons.-Wikipedia
Cities:
Dyer
Humboldt (partial)
Medina
Milan
Trenton (county seat)
Yorkville
Towns:
Bradford
Gibson
Kenton (partial)
Rutherford
Unincorporated communities:
Brazil
Eaton
Frog Jump
Fruitland
Graball
Hopewell
Idlewild
Skullbone
Neighboring Counties:
Carroll
Crockett
Dyer
Madison
Obion
Weakley
The places Crockett and his immediate family lived in.
Crockett fell in love with John Canady's niece, Amy Summer, but she was engaged to Canady's son, Robert. As part of the wedding party, Crockett met Margaret Elder. He asked her to marry him and a marriage contract was drawn up on October 21, 1805 (Davy was 19 yrs old) but the fickle Margaret became engaged to another young man at the same time and married him instead. He met Mary Elizabeth "Polly" Finley and her mother at a harvest festival. In his autobiography Crockett recalled "she looked sweeter than sugar". They fell in love. Her mother was friendly to him at first but felt Crockett was not right for Polly. Crockett would marry Polly, regardless. He took out a marriage license on 8/12/1806. He and some of his friends came to pick up Polly to go get married but her father insisted she be married at home. They were married 8/16/1806 at Finleys Gap, Jefferson county, TN. They married at her parents home despite her mother's original objections.
Mary "Polly" Finley was born 1/4/1788 in Jefferson County, TN to William Finley (DOB Abt 1765; DOD Abt 1819) and Jean Kennedy.
Davy and Polly Crockett had 3 children:
1) John Wesley Crockett (DOB 7/10/1807 in Franklin County, TN, DOD 11/24/1854 in Shelby County, TN) married Martha Turner Hamilton.
2) William Finley Crockett (DOB 11/25/1809 in Jefferson County, TN; DOD 1/12/1846 in Arkansas County, AR) married Clorinda Boyett.
3) Margaret Finley Crockett (DOB 11/25/1812 in Franklin County, TN; DOD Abt 1860 in Gibson County, TN) married Wiley Flowers.
In 1813, 27-year-old Crockett was among the thousands of Tennesseans who joined the state militia to fight against the “Red Sticks,” a faction of Creek Indians who had attacked American settlers at Fort Mims, Alabama. Crockett spent most of the Creek War working as a scout and wild game hunter, but he was also present when future president Andrew Jackson—then the commander of Tennessee’s militia—led his volunteers in the slaughter of some 200 Red Sticks at the Creek village of Tallushatchee. He participated in this massacre of Indians at Tallussahatchee in northern Alabama, but returned home when his enlistment was up, Crockett later served as a sergeant during Jackson’s War of 1812 campaign in Spanish Florida, but saw little action before his enlistment ended in 1815.
James and Margaret Elizabeth Patton moved to Tennessee and James Patton fought in the Creek Wars. As he lay dying he asked his friend and fellow Indian fighter, David Crockett, to take his personal effects back to his wife. David honored his friend’s dying request and in the process of returning the personal belongings, met Elizabeth Patton.
Crockett tried his hand at everything from farming to manufacturing wood barrels and gunpowder, but he found his greatest success as a professional hunter. He spent much of his life stalking black bears in the woods of Tennessee and selling their pelts, meat and oil for profit. He even claimed to have bagged 105 of the animals in a seven-month period during the winter of 1825-26.
Not long after his return from the Creek Wars, Polly Finley Crockett died in March 1815 in Bean's Creek, Franklin County, TN. Crockett asked his brother, John, and his sister-in-law to move in with him to help care for the children. Later that same year, he married the widow Elizabeth Patton. He thought of the pretty widow Patton, and upon inquiry, he found that she had moved back to her father’s home in Swannanoa in Buncombe County, NC. He followed her there. Elizabeth Patton was not “bowled over,” and it took Crockett a considerable length of time to persuade her to marry him. After they married and returned to Tennessee, Crockett was a frequent visitor to Buncombe County. David and his companions frequently traveled the road from Asheville to Old Fort by way of Black Mountain. When a toll charge was put on this road, Crockett and others were furious, and decided to find another way to get from Asheville to Old Fort. Crockett went up the old Asheville-Charlotte Road (now U.S. 74) to Fairview.
Margaret Elizabeth "Betsy" Patton was born 5/22/1788 in Buncombe County, North Carolina. She married her first cousin, James Patton (DOB Abt 1784 in Buncombe County, NC; DOD 11/23/1814 of multiple wounds during the Creek Indian War in Blount County, AL) on 4/7/1808 in Kentucky. They had two children: George Patton and Margaret Ann Patton.
They had three children:
1) Robert Patton Crockett (DOB 9/8/1816 in Franklin County, TN; DOD 9/23/1889 in Hood County, TX) married Matilda Porter, Louise Adeline Causey Wohlford, Lydia A Eaton Corley Ellis
2) Rebecca Elvira Crockett (DOB 12/25/1818 in TN; DOD 3/23/1879 in Acton, Hood County, TX) married George Kimbrough and James Marion Halford.
3) Matilda Crockett (DOB 8/2/1821 in Lawrence County, TN; DOD 7/6/1890 in Kenton, Gibson County, TN) married Thomas P. Tyson, James Wilson and Redland Fields.
Crockett was a natural leader. In 1817, Crockett moved the family to new acreage in Lawrence County, where he first entered public office as a commissioner helping to configure the new county's boundaries. He advanced from justice of the peace to two terms in the Tennessee legislature. In 1817, Crockett moved the family to new acreage in Lawrence County, where he first entered public office as a commissioner helping to configure the new county's boundaries. He favored legislation to ease the tax burden on the poor. Crockett spent his entire legislative career fighting for the rights of impoverished settlers who he felt dangled on the precipice of losing title to their land due to the state's complicated system of grants.
Less than two weeks after Crockett's1821 election to the General Assembly, a flood of the Tennessee River destroyed Crockett's businesses. In November, Elizabeth's father, Robert Patton, deeded 800 acres of his Carroll County property to Crockett. Crockett sold off most of the acreage to help settle his debts, and moved his family to the remaining acreage on the Obion River, which remained in Carroll County until 1825 when the boundaries were reconfigured and put it in Gibson County.
In 1823, he ran against Andrew Jackson's nephew-in-law William Edward Butler and won a seat in the General Assembly representing the counties of Carroll, Humphreys, Perry, Henderson and Madison. He served in the first session, which ran from September through the end of November 1823, and in the second session that ran September through the end of November 1824, championing the rights of the impoverished farmers.
On October 25, 1824Crockett announced his intention to run for U.S. House of Representatives. He lost that race but tried again and he easily defeated both political opponents for the 1827–29 term. He arrived in Washington D.C. and took up residence at Mrs. Ball's Boarding House, where a number of other legislators lived when Congress was in session. Jackson was elected as President in 1828. Crockett continued his legislative focus on settlers getting a fair deal for land titles, offering H.R. 27 amendment to a bill sponsored by James K. Polk. Crockett was re-elected for the 1829–31 session. He introduced H.R. 185 amendment to the land bill on January 29, 1830, but it was defeated on May 3. On February 25, 1830, he introduced a resolution to abolish the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York because he felt that it was public money going to benefit the sons of wealthy men. He spoke out against Congress giving $100,000 to the widow of Stephen Decatur, citing that Congress was not empowered to do that. He opposed Jackson's 1830 Indian Removal Act and was the only member of the Tennessee delegation to vote against it. Cherokee chief John Ross sent him a letter on January 13, 1831 expressing his thanks for Crockett's vote. His vote was not popular with his own district, and he was defeated in the 1831 election by William Fitzgerald. "I believed it was a wicked, unjust measure…. I voted against this Indian bill, and my conscience yet tells me that I gave a good honest vote, and one that I believe will not make me ashamed in the day of judgement." - David Crockett, A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett. He broke with Andrew Jackson over a number of issues and was defeated in 1831; in 1833 he returned to Congress, this time as a Whig.Crockett ran against Fitzgerald again in the 1833 election and was returned to Congress, serving until 1835. On January 2, 1834, he introduced the land title resolution H.R. 126, but it never made it as far as being debated on the House floor. He was defeated for re-election in the August 1835 election by Adam Huntsman. On January 30, 1835, the two men were part of a crowd of lawmakers leaving the U.S. Capitol after a state funeral. As Jackson passed near the East Portico, a crazed gunman named Richard Lawrence emerged from a throng of spectators and shot at him with two pistols—both of which miraculously misfired. “Old Hickory” supposedly responded by whacking Lawrence with his cane. Crockett, meanwhile, was one of several bystanders who disarmed the would-be assassin and wrestled him to the ground.
By December 1834, Crockett was writing to friends about moving to Texas if Jackson's chosen successor Martin Van Buren was elected President. he grew disillusioned with politics and decided to join the fight in the Texas War of Independence. The next year, he discussed with his friend Benjamin McCulloch raising a company of volunteers to take to Texas in the expectation that a revolution was imminent. His departure to Texas was delayed by a court appearance in the last week of October as co-executor of his deceased father-in-law's estate; he finally left his home near Rutherford in West Tennessee with three other men on Nov. 1, 1835 to explore Texas. In 1836, newspapers published the now-famous quotation attributed to Crockett upon his return to his home state: "I told the people of my district that I would serve them as faithfully as I had done; but if not, they might go to hell, and I would go to Texas."
Crockett, 49 years old, traveled with 30 well-armed men to Jackson, TN, where he gave a speech from the steps of the Madison County courthouse, and they arrived in Little Rock, Arkansas on November 12, 1835. He was famous and everywhere he went he was welcomed by people coming to see the great frontiersman and Congressman. Newspapers built him into a mythical figure.
Crockett arrived in Nacogdoches, Texas in early January 1836. On January 14, he and 65 other men signed an oath before Judge John Forbes to the Provisional Government of Texas for six months: "I have taken the oath of government and have enrolled my name as a volunteer and will set out for the Rio Grande in a few days with the volunteers from the United States." Each man was promised about 4,600 acres of land as payment.
Several months previously, Texians had driven all Mexican troops out of Mexican Texas. About 100 Texians were then garrisoned at the Alamo. The Texian force grew slightly with the arrival of reinforcements led by eventual Alamo co-commanders James Bowie and William B. Travis. On February 23, approximately 1,500 Mexicans marched into San Antonio de Béxar as the first step in a campaign to retake Texas.
On February 6, Crockett and five other men rode into San Antonio de Bexar and camped just outside the town. Crockett arrived at the Alamo Mission in San Antonio on February 8, 1836. The Mexican army arrived on 2/23/1836 led by General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. They immediately set up a siege. Santa Anna ordered his artillery to keep up a near-constant bombardment. The guns were moved closer to the Alamo each day, increasing their effectiveness. On 2/25/1836, they were 90 to 100 yards from the Alamo walls. The fort fired shot and the men fired rifles while volunteers burned the shacks that had been used by the Mexicans for cover. Alamo commander William Barret Travis sent many messages asking for reinforcements. Some men made it through to help reinforce. But on 3/6/1836, the Mexican Army attacked while the men slept (the Mexican artillery had quit firing on them and they took the quiet time to sleep). The noncombatants gathered in the church sacristy. Crockett paused briefly in the chapel to say a prayer before running to his post. The Mexican soldiers breached the north outer walls of the Alamo complex, and most of the Texians fell back to the barracks and the chapel, as previously planned. Crockett and his men, however, were too far from the barracks to take shelter and were the last remaining group to be in the open. They defended the low wall in front of the church, using their rifles as clubs and relying on knives, as the action was too furious to allow reloading. Some 200 defenders died in the 90 minute battle.
https://fineartamerica.com/featured/the-alamo-from-the-southwest-mark-lemon.html
https://ghostcitytours.com/san-antonio/haunted-places/haunted-hotels/hotel-indigo-alamo/
Some of the men evidently surrendered or were taken alive, but it was said that General Santa Anna refused to take prisoners and commanded they be murdered. Staff officers drew their swords and killed them. Crockett either died in the battle or was killed by the Mexican officers after the battle. Either way, he and his fellow fighters died as heroes! Santa Anna ordered his men to take the bodies to a nearby stand of trees, where they were stacked together and wood piled on top. That evening, they lit a fire and burned their bodies to ashes. The ashes were left undisturbed until February 1837, when Juan Seguin and his cavalry returned to Bexar to examine the remains. A local carpenter created a simple coffin, and ashes from the funeral pyres were placed inside. The names of Travis, Crockett, and Bowie were inscribed on the lid. The coffin is thought to have been buried in a peach tree grove, but the spot was not marked and can no longer be identified.
The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Santa Anna's cruelty during the battle inspired many Texians—both Texas settlers and adventurers from the United States—to join the Texian Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, 1836, ending the revolution.
Of the noncombatants, in an attempt to convince other slaves in Texas to support the Mexican government over the Texian rebellion, Santa Anna spared Travis' slave, Joe. Each woman was given a blanket and two silver pesos. Juana Navarro Alsbury and the other Tejano women were allowed to return to their homes in Béxar; Susanna Dickinson, her daughter and Joe were sent to Gonzales, escorted by Ben. They were encouraged to relate the events of the battle, and to inform the remainder of the Texian forces that Santa Anna's army was unbeatable. These were the survivors who told the story.
In the 1840 U.S. Census it looks like Eizabeth Patton Crockett is living with her married daughter, Rebecca Elvira Crockett Kimbrough in Dyer, Gibson County, TN. In the 1850 U.S. Census, Elizabeth Patton Crockett is living in Gibson County, TN with her widowed daughter, Matilda Crockett Tyson.
Some time later Elizabeth Crockett and all three children, John W., William and Margaret, carried out the moved to Texas on their own. Elizabeth died 1/31/1860 in Acton, Hood County, TX.
Sources:
Wikipedia.com
History.com
Biography.com
History.net
TrueWestMagazine.com/how-did-davy-really-die-2/
http://www.obcgs.com/crockett-david-and-elizabeth-patton/
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Fall Decorating This Year
I'm not an interior designer so I won't be the expert decorator you may be looking for. But I do like to add some seasonal touches. Here are my little touches throughout the house.
When you think of Fall, what do you think of? That's what you can decorate with! It doesn't have to be perfection, it has to bring a smile or good memory to your mind. You don't have to decorate every surface unless you enjoy decorating so much that it's relaxing and fun for you. I keep it reigned in because I not only have to put it out, but I have to clean around them and then cleaning them before storing them when it comes time for Christmas decorating. You have to keep in mind that it's not just putting it out, but maintenance (like dusting, vacuuming, washing), then cleaning them before you carefully store them. And do you have enough room to store your things? So you have to find the balance for your home, your schedule and your preferences and go from there. If you have limited storage (such as living in an apartment) you can do one of two things. Only put out a couple of things. Or, use perishables to decorate with, things you can eat or throw away. You can use candies, twigs, real leaves and nuts, real pumpkin and winter squashes, fresh flowers, etc. You can re-purpose some things. For instance, if you have one of those decorative chalkboards and then use it each season by putting different messages on it.
Here are some ideas I found on the Internet:
Chalkboard ideas
Football games - Do you and your family love football? Look forward to tailgating? Love watching games on TV? Big alumni supporters or favorite team supporters? Then use it in your seasonal decor! I love picnicking and tailgating. We don't often get to go to football games but I do love the picnicking when we do. So I used an old picnic basket or my vintage metal cooler, a plaid afghan, a vintage thermos, an old football from one of my nephews and some colorful cups to bring back to our memory those picnics and hot chocolate football games.
Bright leaves, berries, twigs, etc - Most of us love the colors of nature in the Fall. I love to put out bright leaves and fall flowers in bases around the house. I love the colors and I love the memories of Fall walks and the sounds and smells of the outdoors in the Fall.
Fall cooking - Every Fall I have some Fall recipes that I make. We love Butternut squash bisque, spinach and pear salad, kale slaw, cooked greens, beans in the crockpot, apple salad, baked sweet potatoes, apple cider, etc. Do you have some tried and true recipes? Do you like trying new recipes based on a Fall theme? You can evoke these in your decor. Put out some Fall dishes on the dining room table. Use vintage thermoses or baskets. A bowl of apples. Use pumpkins and squashes and gourds. Place a pretty soup tureen out. Drag out your Fall platters. Use glass containers that hold beans, popcorn, pasta.
Do you love wood fires in the Fall? - Find some clean wood and place in the fireplace or in a basket by the fireplace. Some people like to use birch logs because o the white bark. Take some small branches and tie with a burlap ribbon. Drape an afghan over your couch. Use wooden bowls, bread bowls, buckets, trays.
Do you think of mulled cider, hot chocolate, pumpkin spice flavored coffee, chai tea when you think of Fall? How about decorating with Fall mugs, coffee beans in a vase with a tealight on top to warm the beans and release the smells? Put some cinnamon sticks in a Fall mug and place on the countertop. Fill a see through container with hot chocolate mix and put a candy dish with peppermints or caramels to add to the hot chocolate.
Do you love candlelight in the Fall? Get some nice candles and place them around. Be creative with candleholders. Just be careful about dry things around the flame as you don't want it to catch on fire.
Do you think of the farm, hay rides, harvest, crops? What could you use to remind you of a farm and the harvest? Wagons? Wooden bowls? Baskets? Galvanized buckets? Sheafs of wheat? Bushel baskets of apples? Hay bales? Real pumpkins and gourds? Old wooden crates? Cotton? Burlap? Scare crows? Chickens/roosters? Casks, crates, boxes? Feed and seed bags? Here are some ideas.

Do you think "sweater weather"? How about using knitted items, winter scarves, afghans, balls of yarn in your Fall decorating.
Do you think of hunting? Animals? Birds? Look for deer, hedgehogs, squirrels, foxes, owls, pheasants, feathers, bird cages, moose, etc.
Maybe Fall means rainy weather, rubber boots, cold. How about using some rubber boots in your seasonal decor?
Maybe you see Fall as a time to cuddle up with a good book and a hot drink.
Or maybe you look forward to working on your crafting projects as the nights go dark early and the weather gets cold.
As you can see, there are lots of ideas out there. People are so creative and now we have the internet to share ideas. I really appreciate people sharing their creativity with the rest of us! I've put out my things, now I'm ready to put some Fall candy in the candy dishes, get some pumpkin spiced coffee and a good book. Happy Fall Y'all!!!
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Fall Harvest Days At The Western North Carolina Agricultural Center
My Dad loves tractor shows, old tractors, old farm machinery, old tools, and anything farm related! So tractor shows around here have been something our family has enjoyed for years. The one in Asheville at the WNC Ag Center is a favorite. I can recommend it for a fun day. This year we saw a noticeable decline in vendors and tractors. I hope that's not indicative of the future as we've always enjoyed this one. There are usually some great vendors there with vintage, antique items and some craft and household items. I bought a Longaberger basket this year and Stan got an old wooden telephone that he wants to make into a lamp.
The weather was perfect. It was cool in the morning and got in the 70's by lunch time. The sun was bright and the mountains were crystal clear. I packed a picnic lunch for us. I made deli ham and havarti sandwiches on soft rye, homemade coleslaw, carrot sticks and hummus, grape tomatoes, a snack mix, oatmeal and raisin cookies, apple juice for the kids and root beer for us. I also made a thermos of pumpkin spiced coffee for us to enjoy on the way up the mountains.
Savannah found the homemade doll outfits. Those doll dresses had her all excited. Hannah got her one outfit and I bought her a Christmas outfit to give her for Christmas.
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After we left the tractor show, we made our way to Hendersonville, NC where we eat supper at Hannah Flannagans. It's part of our tradition. I love their corned beef and cabbage! It was another memory making day!
The weather was perfect. It was cool in the morning and got in the 70's by lunch time. The sun was bright and the mountains were crystal clear. I packed a picnic lunch for us. I made deli ham and havarti sandwiches on soft rye, homemade coleslaw, carrot sticks and hummus, grape tomatoes, a snack mix, oatmeal and raisin cookies, apple juice for the kids and root beer for us. I also made a thermos of pumpkin spiced coffee for us to enjoy on the way up the mountains.
Mom and Dad
Stan and Will
Of course there was BBQ!
A miniature hit and miss machine used as a pump.
Will and Savannah loved the dried corn box.
Savannah found the homemade doll outfits. Those doll dresses had her all excited. Hannah got her one outfit and I bought her a Christmas outfit to give her for Christmas.
This was not a toy, it had a plastic top like a toy but was not a toy!
Sears made a few tractors
Cookie jars

Hannah and Savannah
Hannah and Will
After we left the tractor show, we made our way to Hendersonville, NC where we eat supper at Hannah Flannagans. It's part of our tradition. I love their corned beef and cabbage! It was another memory making day!
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Manna
Manna was a substance sent by God to feed the Israelites as they wandered in the wilderness for 40 years. To Americans, the word "wilderness" makes us think of our nation during frontier days when it was wild and forested, heavy with animals. But for the Israelites, the "wilderness" was a desert, rocky place.
There were over 600,000 men of fighting age. This does not include women, children, older men. So we can safely say that 1-4 million people left Egypt and crossed the Red Sea. They wandered in the wilderness for 40 years because when they sent spies into the Promised Land, the spies came back with stories that the inhabitants were too much for the Israelites to conquer and they were afraid. They didn't trust God to go before them so God let them wander in the wilderness until that generation died out. The next generation would follow God and take the Promised Land.
Here is basically the map of the Middle East today. Notice the tiny sliver that is Israel.
This shows the boundaries that would have been in the Promised Land. God promised this land to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob from the Nile River to the Euphrates River.
Exodus 23:31 “I will establish your borders from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, and from the desert to the Euphrates River. I will give into your hands the people who live in the land, and you will drive them out before you."
As you can see, Israel today only has a toe-hold in the Middle East, a sliver of the land promised. But the other Middle Eastern countries around them don't want them to have even that.
Here is a map showing the wanderings of the Israelites in the wilderness.
It's the great story of the Exodus and can be read in the books of Genesis, Exodus and Joshua. But I'm only giving you background as we study our subject of manna.
The Israelites had been in Egypt for 400 years. They had evenutally been enslaved and treated harshly because they proliferated so much that the Egyptians began to be afraid of them. They were having too many babies and the Israelite population was growing exponentially.
After they crossed the Red Sea, they complained 3 times on the way to Mt. Sinai:
1) About the bitter waters of Marah.
Exodus 15:22-27 (Contemporary English Version - CEV) After the Israelites left the Red Sea, Moses led them through the Shur Desert for three days, before finding water. (23) They did find water at Marah, but it was bitter, which is how that place got its name. (24) The people complained and said, "Moses, what are we going to drink?" (25) Moses asked the LORD for help, and the LORD told him to throw a piece of wood into the water. Moses did so, and the water became fit to drink. At Marah the LORD tested his people and also gave them some laws and teachings. (26) Then he said, "I am the LORD your God, and I cure your diseases. If you obey me by doing right and by following my laws and teachings, I won't punish you with the diseases I sent on the Egyptians." (27) Later the Israelites came to Elim, where there were twelve springs and seventy palm trees. So they camped there.
2) About the lack of food in the Desert of Sin (Exodus 16)
3) About having no water at Rephidim
Exodus 17:1-7 (CEV) The Israelites left the desert and moved from one place to another each time the LORD ordered them to. Once they camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for them to drink. (2)The people started complaining to Moses, "Give us some water!" Moses replied, "Why are you complaining to me and trying to put the LORD to the test?" (3) But the people were thirsty and kept on complaining, "Moses, did you bring us out of Egypt just to let us and our families and our animals die of thirst?" (4) Then Moses prayed to the LORD, "What am I going to do with these people? They are about to stone me to death!" (5) The LORD answered, "Take some of the leaders with you and go ahead of the rest of the people. Also take along the walking stick you used to strike the Nile River, (6) and when you get to the rock at Mount Sinai, I will be there with you. Strike the rock with the stick, and water will pour out for the people to drink." Moses did this while the leaders watched. (7) The people had complained and tested the LORD by asking, "Is the LORD really with us?" So Moses named that place Massah, which means "testing" and Meribah, which means "complaining."
We are concerned about the 2nd time they complained so let's read Exodus 16:
Exodus 16:1 (Easy To Read Version - ERV) Then all the Israelites left Elim. They reached the western Sinai desert, between Elim and Mount Sinai, on the 15th day of the second month after leaving Egypt.
Exodus 16:1 (King James Version - KJV) And they took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt.
Exodus 16:2-36 (Easy To Read Version - ERV) (2) Then the whole community of Israelites began complaining again. They complained to Moses and Aaron in the desert. (3) They said, "It would have been better if the LORD had just killed us in the land of Egypt. At least there we had plenty to eat. We had all the food we needed. But now you have brought us out here into this desert to make us all die from hunger." (4) Then the LORD said to Moses, "I will cause food to fall from the sky. This food will be for you to eat. Every day the people should go out and gather the food they need that day. I will do this to see if they will do what I tell them. (5) Every day the people will gather only enough food for one day. But on Friday, when the people prepare their food, they will see that they have enough food for two days." (6) So Moses and Aaron said to the Israelites, "Tonight you will see the power of the LORD. You will know that he is the one who brought you out of Egypt. (7) You have been complaining about the LORD, and he heard you. So tomorrow morning you will see the Glory of the LORD. You have been complaining and complaining about us. Maybe now we can have a little rest." (8) Then Moses said, "In the evening the LORD will give you meat to eat, and in the morning you will have all the bread you want. The LORD will do this because he has heard your complaining, which was against him, not us. What can we do? We do only what he tells us to do, so your complaints are really against the LORD." (9) Then Moses said to Aaron, "Tell the whole community of Israelites to come together before the LORD, because he has heard their complaints." (10) So Aaron spoke to all the Israelites. While he was talking, the people turned and looked into the desert. And they saw the Glory of the LORD appear in a cloud. (11) The LORD said to Moses, (12) "I have heard the complaints of the Israelites. So tell them, 'Tonight you will eat meat. And in the morning you will have all the bread you want. Then you will know you can trust the LORD, your God.'" (13) That night, quails (birds) came all around the camp, and in the morning dew lay on the ground near the camp. (14) After the dew was gone, something like thin flakes of frost was on the ground. (15) When the Israelites saw it, they asked each other, "What is that?" because they did not know what it was. So Moses told them, "This is the food the LORD is giving you to eat. (16) The LORD says, 'Each of you should gather what you need, a basket of manna for everyone in your family.'" (17) So that is what the Israelites did. Some people gathered a large amount, some people gathered a little. (18) But when they measured what they had gathered, there was no shortage and there was none left over. Everyone gathered just what they needed. (19) Moses told them, "Don't save that food to eat the next day." (20) But some of the people did not obey Moses. They saved their food for the next day. But worms got into the food and it began to stink. Moses was angry with the people who did this. 21) Every morning the people gathered as much food as they could eat, but by noon the food melted and was gone. (22) On Friday the people gathered twice as much food—two baskets for every person. So all the leaders of the people came and told this to Moses. (23) Moses told them, "This is what the LORD said would happen. It happened because tomorrow is the Sabbath, the special day of rest to honor the LORD. You can cook all the food you need to cook for today, but save the rest of this food for tomorrow morning." (24) So the people saved the rest of the food for the next day, as Moses had commanded, and none of the food spoiled or had worms in it. (25) On Saturday, Moses told the people, "Today is the Sabbath, the special day of rest to honor the LORD. So none of you should be out in the fields. Eat the food you gathered yesterday. (26) You should gather the food for six days. But the seventh day of the week is a day of rest—so there will not be any of the special food on the ground." (27) On Saturday, some of the people went out to gather some of the food, but they could not find any. (28) Then the LORD said to Moses, "How long will you people refuse to obey my commands and teachings? (29) Look, the LORD has made the Sabbath a day of rest for you. So on Friday he will give you enough food for two days. Then, on the Sabbath, each of you should sit down and relax. Stay where you are." (30) So the people rested on the Sabbath. (31) The people called the special food "manna." It was like small white coriander seeds and tasted like thin cakes made with honey. (32) Moses told the people what the LORD said: "Save a basket of this food for your descendants. Then they can see the food that I gave to you in the desert when I took you out of Egypt." (33) So Moses told Aaron, "Take a jar and fill it with a full basket of manna. Save this manna to put before the LORD. Save it for our descendants." (34) (Aaron did what the LORD had commanded Moses. Aaron put the jar of manna in front of the Box of the Agreement.) (35) The people ate the manna for 40 years, until they came to the land of rest, that is, until they came to the edge of the land of Canaan. (36) (The measure they used for the manna was an omer. An omer was about 8 cups.)
Numbers 11:4-8 (CEV) One day some worthless foreigners among the Israelites became greedy for food, and even the Israelites themselves began moaning, "We don't have any meat! (5) In Egypt we could eat all the fish we wanted, and there were cucumbers, melons, onions, and garlic. (6) But we're starving out here, and the only food we have is this manna." (7) The manna was like small whitish seeds (8) and tasted like something baked with sweet olive oil. It appeared at night with the dew. In the morning the people would collect the manna, grind or crush it into flour, then boil it and make it into thin wafers.
Deuteronomy 8:1-7 (CEV) Israel, do you want to go into the land the LORD promised your ancestors? Do you want to capture it, live there, and become a powerful nation? Then be sure to obey every command I am giving you. (2) Don't forget how the LORD your God has led you through the desert for the past forty years. He wanted to find out if you were truly willing to obey him and depend on him, (3) so he made you go hungry. Then he gave you manna, a kind of food that you and your ancestors had never even heard about. The LORD was teaching you that people need more than food to live—they need every word that the LORD has spoken. (4) Over the past forty years, your clothing hasn't worn out, and your feet haven't swollen. (5) So keep in mind that the LORD has been correcting you, just as parents correct their children. (6) Obey the commands the LORD your God has given you and worship him with fear and trembling. (7) The LORD your God is bringing you into a good land with streams that flow from springs in the valleys and hills.
God provided manna from heaven to meet their physical needs!
Psalm 78:22-32 (Modern King James Version - MKJV) because they did not believe in God, and did not trust in His salvation; (23) though He had commanded the clouds from above, and had opened the doors of the heavens; (24) and had rained down manna on them to eat, and He gave them of the grain of the heavens. (25) Man ate the food of the mighty; He sent them meat to the full. (26) He caused an east wind to blow in the sky; and by His power He brought in the south wind. (27) and He also rained flesh on them like dust, and winged birds like the sand of the sea; (28) and He let them fall in the middle of their camp, all around their tents. (29) So they ate, and were filled to the full; for He gave them their own desire. (30) They were not turned away from their lust, but while their food was still in their mouths, (31) the wrath of God came on them and killed the fattest of them, and struck down the chosen of Israel. (32) For all this they still sinned, and did not believe because of His wonderful works.
Psalm 105:40-41 (MKJV) They asked, and He brought quail, and satisfied them with the food of heaven. (41) He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river.
Israel awoke each morning to find it already provided without toil. All they needed to do was collect it before it melted away with the hot sun. I.e., even the collection was done at the coolest time of day for their benefit. It was collected in the morning which gave them time to process it into food. Manna was capable of being baked and boiled, ground in mills, or beaten in a mortar. They used it to make a bread. It was not just a condiment to make food taste better. It was nutritionally balanced to provide what they needed to do what they needed to do in their environment. And God provided enough for those who couldn't gather for themselves such as small children, the elderly and infirm, the pregnant or handicapped. The Bible says there was enough for everyone's need.
There was one stipulation - only gather what you need for the day because it wouldn't keep until the next day. It was a daily exercise, not a once a week job or an annual harvest. The only exception was on Saturday. You could collect enough for 2 days so that you didn't have to work on the Sabbath. Of course, being human, the Israelites didn't listen to God's instructions and they tried to collect enough to store overnight but the next morning it would be rank and full of maggots. The exception was Saturday and Sunday. What they collected on Saturday remained fresh on Sunday just like God told them it would.
When Joshua and the people came to the border of Canaan, the Promised Land, and ate the food of the Promised Land, manna stopped the next day and was never seen again.
Joshua 5:10-12 (ERV) The Israelites celebrated Passover while they were camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho. This was on the evening of the 14th day of the month. (11) The day after Passover, the people ate food that grew in that land. They ate bread made without yeast and roasted grain. (12) The next morning, the manna from heaven stopped coming. This happened the first day after the people ate the food that grew in the land of Canaan. From that time on, the Israelites did not get the manna from heaven.
Then God told Moses to collect an omer of manna and store it in a jar in the Ark of the Covenant. Since God told him to do that, then I can imagine that if we found the Ark of the Covenant and opened it and saw a jar inside, we would open it to find it fresh like when it was collected. It was to be a sign that would bring to their memory the story of how God had supernaturally provided for them in the wilderness. All of us have triggers that recall memories. It's the way it works. I can be walking on a hot summer's day and catch a whiff of honeysuckle and it takes me back to memories o childhood summers, bare feet and the sound of crickets. The honeysuckle is a trigger. Same with gravestones. They are to remind us, memorialize our loved one and trigger memories and stories. God wanted the Israelites to remember how He had miraculously provided food for them so He told Moses to store some manna in a jar and keep it in the Ark of the Covenant.
According to Second Maccabees, at the beginning of chapter 2:
The records show that it was the prophet Jeremiah who ... prompted by a divine message ... gave orders that the Tent of Meeting and the ark should go with him. Then he went away to the mountain from the top of which Moses saw God's promised land. When he reached the mountain, Jeremiah found a cave-dwelling; he carried the tent, the ark, and the incense-altar into it, then blocked up the entrance. Some of his companions came to mark out the way, but were unable to find it. When Jeremiah learnt of this he reprimanded them. "The place shall remain unknown", he said, "until God finally gathers his people together and shows mercy to them. The Lord will bring these things to light again, and the glory of the Lord will appear with the cloud, as it was seen both in the time of Moses and when Solomon prayed that the shrine might be worthily consecrated."
Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider Second Maccabees to be canonical and part of the Bible. Protestants and Jews reject most of the doctrinal issues present in the work. Some Protestants include 2 Maccabees as part of the Biblical Apocrypha.
Suffice it to say that God alone knows where the Ark of the Covenant and it's contents are today. It's been hidden for thousands of years now.
Why do we need to know anything about manna today? What has the manna of thousands of years ago have to do with us today? Why are we studying ancient history?
John 6:30-71 (CEV) They replied, "What miracle will you work, so that we can have faith in you? What will you do? (31) For example, when our ancestors were in the desert, they were given manna to eat. It happened just as the Scriptures say, 'God gave them bread from heaven to eat.'" (32) Jesus then told them, "I tell you for certain that Moses wasn't the one who gave you bread from heaven. My Father is the one who gives you the true bread from heaven. (33) And the bread that God gives is the one who came down from heaven to give life to the world." (34) The people said, "Lord, give us this bread and don't ever stop!" (35) Jesus replied: I am the bread that gives life! No one who comes to me will ever be hungry. No one who has faith in me will ever be thirsty. (36) I have told you already that you have seen me and still do not have faith in me. (37) Everything and everyone that the Father has given me will come to me, and I won't turn any of them away. (38) I didn't come from heaven to do what I want! I came to do what the Father wants me to do. He sent me, (39) and he wants to make certain that none of the ones he has given me will be lost. Instead, he wants me to raise them to life on the last day. (40) My Father wants everyone who sees the Son to have faith in him and to have eternal life. Then I will raise them to life on the last day. (41) The people started grumbling because Jesus had said he was the bread that had come down from heaven. (42) They were asking each other, "Isn't he Jesus, the son of Joseph? Don't we know his father and mother? How can he say that he has come down from heaven?" (43) Jesus told them: Stop grumbling! (44) No one can come to me, unless the Father who sent me makes them want to come. But if they do come, I will raise them to life on the last day. (45) One of the prophets wrote, "God will teach all of them." And so everyone who listens to the Father and learns from him will come to me. (46) The only one who has seen the Father is the one who has come from him. No one else has ever seen the Father. (47) I tell you for certain that everyone who has faith in me has eternal life. (48) I am the bread that gives life! (49) Your ancestors ate manna in the desert, and later they died. (50) But the bread from heaven has come down, so that no one who eats it will ever die. (51) I am that bread from heaven! Everyone who eats it will live forever. My flesh is the life-giving bread that I give to the people of this world. (52) They started arguing with each other and asked, "How can he give us his flesh to eat?" (53) Jesus answered: I tell you for certain that you won't live unless you eat the flesh and drink the blood of the Son of Man. (54) But if you do eat my flesh and drink my blood, you will have eternal life, and I will raise you to life on the last day. (55) My flesh is the true food, and my blood is the true drink. (56) If you eat my flesh and drink my blood, you are one with me, and I am one with you. (57) The living Father sent me, and I have life because of him. Now everyone who eats my flesh will live because of me. (58) The bread that comes down from heaven isn't like what your ancestors ate. They died, but whoever eats this bread will live forever.
Jesus declares that He is the Bread of Life, the true Manna! Manna was a type of Christ. A "type" is a person or thing symbolizing or exemplifying the ideal or defining characteristics of something. When something is considered a "type of Christ" it means that something gave a foreshadowing of Christ. It makes me think of looking through a blurry telescope. I see something that is the shape of a tree and I would say, "That looks like a tree." Not because I can clearly see it. I will need to adjust the telescope to get a clearer picture. But from all indications, what I'm seeing looks like a tree. Well, there are lots of types of Christ in the Old Testament. For instance, the manna was God's way of giving the Israelites a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ. A type is a special kind of symbolism.
The manna came down as the people camped in the Wilderness of Sin at Elim just as Jesus came down to us as we reside in sin. It was a special gift from God just as Jesus is a special gift from God. He came down from heaven, like manna came down from heaven. God supernaturally provided manna for the Israelites to eat, it was just what they needed to have a healthy life. God supernaturally provided Jesus for us and He was just what we needed for eternal life! We are not saved by anything we do! We cannot work for our salvation. Neither did the Israelites have to work for the manna that fell freely from heaven. The Israelites didn't deserve God's providence but out of His mercy and love, He sent them manna. We are sinners and do not deserve the gift of salvation through Jesus Christ but in His mercy and love, He sent His Son to save us.
Romans 5:6-8 (CEV) Christ died for us at a time when we were helpless and sinful. (7) No one is really willing to die for an honest person, though someone might be willing to die for a truly good person. (8) But God showed how much he loved us by having Christ die for us, even though we were sinful.
Manna was gathered in the morning before the sun grew hot and melted it. In the Parable of the Sower (Matthew 13:1-9), Jesus said the Sower would sow seeds but where the seed fell resulted in whether it took root, matured and brought forth fruit.
Matthew 13:5-6 (CEV) Other seeds fell on thin, rocky ground and quickly started growing because the soil wasn't very deep. (6) But when the sun came up, the plants were scorched and dried up, because they did not have enough roots.
Jesus, Himself, explained the Parable of the Sower in Matthew 13:18-23. For the verses of 5-6, Jesus explained it this way:
Matthew 13:20-21 (CEV) The seeds that fell on rocky ground are the people who gladly hear the message and accept it right away. (21) But they don't have deep roots, and they don't last very long. As soon as life gets hard or the message gets them in trouble, they give up.
Hosea 6:4 (CEV) People of Israel and Judah, what can I do with you? Your love for me disappears more quickly than mist or dew at sunrise.
Appetite determined the amount given. Each person collected based on their appetite and desire for the day. How much of Christ do you want? If you want little of Christ, little is given. If your appetite increases and you desire more of Christ, more is given! We cannot be disappointed. We will never be disappointed. We will not be spiritually hungry or starved. If we want Him, we have Him!
Psalm 81:10 (MKJV) I am Jehovah your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt; open your mouth wide, and I will fill it.
Sin blinds us and the things of this world get in the way and it obscures our spiritual sight. We may not see the beauty of the Lord and His perfection. But the more we see of Him, the more we want Him and the more He gives of Himself to us.
The manna was ground or boiled to process. Jesus was wounded, bruised, chastised, beaten, whipped for us! To save us, He was ground and chewed up.
Isaiah 53:2-7 (MKJV) For He comes up before Him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground; He has no form nor majesty that we should see Him, nor an appearance that we should desire Him. (3) He is despised and rejected of men; a Man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief; and as it were a hiding of faces from Him, He being despised, and we esteemed Him not. (4) Surely He has borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed Him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. (5) But He was wounded for our transgressions; He was bruised for our iniquities; the chastisement of our peace was on Him; and with His stripes we ourselves are healed. (6) All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned, each one to his own way; and Jehovah has laid on Him the iniquity of us all. (7) He was oppressed, and He was afflicted; yet He opened not His mouth. He is brought as a lamb to the slaughter; and as a sheep before its shearers is dumb, so He opened not His mouth.
Manna was said to taste sweet like honey.
Psalm 34:8 (King James Version - KJV) O taste and see that the LORD is good: blessed is the man that trusteth in him.
Psalm 119:103 (KJV) How sweet are thy words unto my taste! yea, sweeter than honey to my mouth!
1 Peter 2:2-3 (ERV) Like newborn babies hungry for milk, you should want the pure teaching that feeds your spirit. With it you can grow up and be saved. (3) You have already tasted the goodness of the Lord.
The manna had to be gathered by individuals who went out each day to gather baskets of manna to get them through the day. They had to kneel to collect it as we have to kneel in humility to accept the gift of salvation through Jesus. Salvation through Jesus Christ was a gift but it must be individually accepted. Each of us have a responsibility for accepting, or rejecting, the free gift of provision for our salvation. I cannot pray you into heaven, I can only pray for myself and accept His gift.
The dew fell, then the manna fell on the dew and then another dew fell on the manna. This means the manna didn't fall on the dirt. Jesus was born as fully man and fully God. He was a man from Mary's side and God from God's side. God implanted the divine seed within Mary. Why is this important? Because it means that though Jesus was fully human, He was a human without sin and was fully God too. Son of Man, Son of God. Because He was man, He could die in our place and pay our price for sin. Because He was God, He could live a sinless life and be the perfect sacrifice. The dirt, or dust, of the ground represents humanity, sinful humanity. The Word became flesh, but in His humanity the Lord Jesus did not share our corrupt nature. His humanity was encapsulated in the divine. He came as a servant, but the body which was prepared for Him (Hebrews 10:5) did not belong to the "dust" of this earth. He was God Man. The manna was white, the color of purity.
Jesus was crucified and laid in a grave until He was resurrected. But His body was preserved, it did not decay or rot or become full of maggots. Jesus was raised incorruptible with His glorified body intact! Manna would become wormy and decay if held more than one day, but, miraculously, on the Sabbath the manna would remain fresh. Guess which day Jesus arose? On the Sabbath!
Psalm 16:9-11 (ERV) So my heart and soul will be very happy. Even my body will live in safety, (10) because you will not leave me in the place of death. You will not let your faithful one rot in the grave. (11) You will teach me the right way to live. Just being with you will bring complete happiness. Being at your right side will make me happy forever.
Hidden manna:
Revelation 2:17 (KJV) He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes I will give to eat of the hidden manna
Finally, God commanded Moses to collect an omer of manna and keep it in a gold jar in the Ark of the Covenant. The gold jar represents the deity and glory of God in Jesus. And the Ark of the Covenant has been missing for centuries. Jesus, as the Bread of Life, ascended to Heaven where we can no longer see Him with our eyes or touch Him with our hands. He is hidden in heaven at the right hand of God. He will remain there until the days are fulfilled and God deems it's time for Him to return and He will be manifested before all the world.
Revelation 1:7 (KJV) Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen.
Romans 14:11 (KJV) For it is written, "As I live, says the Lord, every knee shall bow to Me, and every tongue shall confess to God."
I don't know about you but it excites me to learn about these things. It makes me hunger for more of the Word! For more of Christ! The more I study, the more I learn how every word of the Bible is truth.
There were over 600,000 men of fighting age. This does not include women, children, older men. So we can safely say that 1-4 million people left Egypt and crossed the Red Sea. They wandered in the wilderness for 40 years because when they sent spies into the Promised Land, the spies came back with stories that the inhabitants were too much for the Israelites to conquer and they were afraid. They didn't trust God to go before them so God let them wander in the wilderness until that generation died out. The next generation would follow God and take the Promised Land.
Here is basically the map of the Middle East today. Notice the tiny sliver that is Israel.
This shows the boundaries that would have been in the Promised Land. God promised this land to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob from the Nile River to the Euphrates River.
Exodus 23:31 “I will establish your borders from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, and from the desert to the Euphrates River. I will give into your hands the people who live in the land, and you will drive them out before you."
As you can see, Israel today only has a toe-hold in the Middle East, a sliver of the land promised. But the other Middle Eastern countries around them don't want them to have even that.
Here is a map showing the wanderings of the Israelites in the wilderness.
It's the great story of the Exodus and can be read in the books of Genesis, Exodus and Joshua. But I'm only giving you background as we study our subject of manna.
The Israelites had been in Egypt for 400 years. They had evenutally been enslaved and treated harshly because they proliferated so much that the Egyptians began to be afraid of them. They were having too many babies and the Israelite population was growing exponentially.
After they crossed the Red Sea, they complained 3 times on the way to Mt. Sinai:
1) About the bitter waters of Marah.
Exodus 15:22-27 (Contemporary English Version - CEV) After the Israelites left the Red Sea, Moses led them through the Shur Desert for three days, before finding water. (23) They did find water at Marah, but it was bitter, which is how that place got its name. (24) The people complained and said, "Moses, what are we going to drink?" (25) Moses asked the LORD for help, and the LORD told him to throw a piece of wood into the water. Moses did so, and the water became fit to drink. At Marah the LORD tested his people and also gave them some laws and teachings. (26) Then he said, "I am the LORD your God, and I cure your diseases. If you obey me by doing right and by following my laws and teachings, I won't punish you with the diseases I sent on the Egyptians." (27) Later the Israelites came to Elim, where there were twelve springs and seventy palm trees. So they camped there.
2) About the lack of food in the Desert of Sin (Exodus 16)
3) About having no water at Rephidim
Exodus 17:1-7 (CEV) The Israelites left the desert and moved from one place to another each time the LORD ordered them to. Once they camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for them to drink. (2)The people started complaining to Moses, "Give us some water!" Moses replied, "Why are you complaining to me and trying to put the LORD to the test?" (3) But the people were thirsty and kept on complaining, "Moses, did you bring us out of Egypt just to let us and our families and our animals die of thirst?" (4) Then Moses prayed to the LORD, "What am I going to do with these people? They are about to stone me to death!" (5) The LORD answered, "Take some of the leaders with you and go ahead of the rest of the people. Also take along the walking stick you used to strike the Nile River, (6) and when you get to the rock at Mount Sinai, I will be there with you. Strike the rock with the stick, and water will pour out for the people to drink." Moses did this while the leaders watched. (7) The people had complained and tested the LORD by asking, "Is the LORD really with us?" So Moses named that place Massah, which means "testing" and Meribah, which means "complaining."
We are concerned about the 2nd time they complained so let's read Exodus 16:
Exodus 16:1 (Easy To Read Version - ERV) Then all the Israelites left Elim. They reached the western Sinai desert, between Elim and Mount Sinai, on the 15th day of the second month after leaving Egypt.
Exodus 16:1 (King James Version - KJV) And they took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt.
Exodus 16:2-36 (Easy To Read Version - ERV) (2) Then the whole community of Israelites began complaining again. They complained to Moses and Aaron in the desert. (3) They said, "It would have been better if the LORD had just killed us in the land of Egypt. At least there we had plenty to eat. We had all the food we needed. But now you have brought us out here into this desert to make us all die from hunger." (4) Then the LORD said to Moses, "I will cause food to fall from the sky. This food will be for you to eat. Every day the people should go out and gather the food they need that day. I will do this to see if they will do what I tell them. (5) Every day the people will gather only enough food for one day. But on Friday, when the people prepare their food, they will see that they have enough food for two days." (6) So Moses and Aaron said to the Israelites, "Tonight you will see the power of the LORD. You will know that he is the one who brought you out of Egypt. (7) You have been complaining about the LORD, and he heard you. So tomorrow morning you will see the Glory of the LORD. You have been complaining and complaining about us. Maybe now we can have a little rest." (8) Then Moses said, "In the evening the LORD will give you meat to eat, and in the morning you will have all the bread you want. The LORD will do this because he has heard your complaining, which was against him, not us. What can we do? We do only what he tells us to do, so your complaints are really against the LORD." (9) Then Moses said to Aaron, "Tell the whole community of Israelites to come together before the LORD, because he has heard their complaints." (10) So Aaron spoke to all the Israelites. While he was talking, the people turned and looked into the desert. And they saw the Glory of the LORD appear in a cloud. (11) The LORD said to Moses, (12) "I have heard the complaints of the Israelites. So tell them, 'Tonight you will eat meat. And in the morning you will have all the bread you want. Then you will know you can trust the LORD, your God.'" (13) That night, quails (birds) came all around the camp, and in the morning dew lay on the ground near the camp. (14) After the dew was gone, something like thin flakes of frost was on the ground. (15) When the Israelites saw it, they asked each other, "What is that?" because they did not know what it was. So Moses told them, "This is the food the LORD is giving you to eat. (16) The LORD says, 'Each of you should gather what you need, a basket of manna for everyone in your family.'" (17) So that is what the Israelites did. Some people gathered a large amount, some people gathered a little. (18) But when they measured what they had gathered, there was no shortage and there was none left over. Everyone gathered just what they needed. (19) Moses told them, "Don't save that food to eat the next day." (20) But some of the people did not obey Moses. They saved their food for the next day. But worms got into the food and it began to stink. Moses was angry with the people who did this. 21) Every morning the people gathered as much food as they could eat, but by noon the food melted and was gone. (22) On Friday the people gathered twice as much food—two baskets for every person. So all the leaders of the people came and told this to Moses. (23) Moses told them, "This is what the LORD said would happen. It happened because tomorrow is the Sabbath, the special day of rest to honor the LORD. You can cook all the food you need to cook for today, but save the rest of this food for tomorrow morning." (24) So the people saved the rest of the food for the next day, as Moses had commanded, and none of the food spoiled or had worms in it. (25) On Saturday, Moses told the people, "Today is the Sabbath, the special day of rest to honor the LORD. So none of you should be out in the fields. Eat the food you gathered yesterday. (26) You should gather the food for six days. But the seventh day of the week is a day of rest—so there will not be any of the special food on the ground." (27) On Saturday, some of the people went out to gather some of the food, but they could not find any. (28) Then the LORD said to Moses, "How long will you people refuse to obey my commands and teachings? (29) Look, the LORD has made the Sabbath a day of rest for you. So on Friday he will give you enough food for two days. Then, on the Sabbath, each of you should sit down and relax. Stay where you are." (30) So the people rested on the Sabbath. (31) The people called the special food "manna." It was like small white coriander seeds and tasted like thin cakes made with honey. (32) Moses told the people what the LORD said: "Save a basket of this food for your descendants. Then they can see the food that I gave to you in the desert when I took you out of Egypt." (33) So Moses told Aaron, "Take a jar and fill it with a full basket of manna. Save this manna to put before the LORD. Save it for our descendants." (34) (Aaron did what the LORD had commanded Moses. Aaron put the jar of manna in front of the Box of the Agreement.) (35) The people ate the manna for 40 years, until they came to the land of rest, that is, until they came to the edge of the land of Canaan. (36) (The measure they used for the manna was an omer. An omer was about 8 cups.)
Numbers 11:4-8 (CEV) One day some worthless foreigners among the Israelites became greedy for food, and even the Israelites themselves began moaning, "We don't have any meat! (5) In Egypt we could eat all the fish we wanted, and there were cucumbers, melons, onions, and garlic. (6) But we're starving out here, and the only food we have is this manna." (7) The manna was like small whitish seeds (8) and tasted like something baked with sweet olive oil. It appeared at night with the dew. In the morning the people would collect the manna, grind or crush it into flour, then boil it and make it into thin wafers.
Deuteronomy 8:1-7 (CEV) Israel, do you want to go into the land the LORD promised your ancestors? Do you want to capture it, live there, and become a powerful nation? Then be sure to obey every command I am giving you. (2) Don't forget how the LORD your God has led you through the desert for the past forty years. He wanted to find out if you were truly willing to obey him and depend on him, (3) so he made you go hungry. Then he gave you manna, a kind of food that you and your ancestors had never even heard about. The LORD was teaching you that people need more than food to live—they need every word that the LORD has spoken. (4) Over the past forty years, your clothing hasn't worn out, and your feet haven't swollen. (5) So keep in mind that the LORD has been correcting you, just as parents correct their children. (6) Obey the commands the LORD your God has given you and worship him with fear and trembling. (7) The LORD your God is bringing you into a good land with streams that flow from springs in the valleys and hills.
God provided manna from heaven to meet their physical needs!
Psalm 78:22-32 (Modern King James Version - MKJV) because they did not believe in God, and did not trust in His salvation; (23) though He had commanded the clouds from above, and had opened the doors of the heavens; (24) and had rained down manna on them to eat, and He gave them of the grain of the heavens. (25) Man ate the food of the mighty; He sent them meat to the full. (26) He caused an east wind to blow in the sky; and by His power He brought in the south wind. (27) and He also rained flesh on them like dust, and winged birds like the sand of the sea; (28) and He let them fall in the middle of their camp, all around their tents. (29) So they ate, and were filled to the full; for He gave them their own desire. (30) They were not turned away from their lust, but while their food was still in their mouths, (31) the wrath of God came on them and killed the fattest of them, and struck down the chosen of Israel. (32) For all this they still sinned, and did not believe because of His wonderful works.
Psalm 105:40-41 (MKJV) They asked, and He brought quail, and satisfied them with the food of heaven. (41) He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river.
Israel awoke each morning to find it already provided without toil. All they needed to do was collect it before it melted away with the hot sun. I.e., even the collection was done at the coolest time of day for their benefit. It was collected in the morning which gave them time to process it into food. Manna was capable of being baked and boiled, ground in mills, or beaten in a mortar. They used it to make a bread. It was not just a condiment to make food taste better. It was nutritionally balanced to provide what they needed to do what they needed to do in their environment. And God provided enough for those who couldn't gather for themselves such as small children, the elderly and infirm, the pregnant or handicapped. The Bible says there was enough for everyone's need.
There was one stipulation - only gather what you need for the day because it wouldn't keep until the next day. It was a daily exercise, not a once a week job or an annual harvest. The only exception was on Saturday. You could collect enough for 2 days so that you didn't have to work on the Sabbath. Of course, being human, the Israelites didn't listen to God's instructions and they tried to collect enough to store overnight but the next morning it would be rank and full of maggots. The exception was Saturday and Sunday. What they collected on Saturday remained fresh on Sunday just like God told them it would.
When Joshua and the people came to the border of Canaan, the Promised Land, and ate the food of the Promised Land, manna stopped the next day and was never seen again.
Joshua 5:10-12 (ERV) The Israelites celebrated Passover while they were camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho. This was on the evening of the 14th day of the month. (11) The day after Passover, the people ate food that grew in that land. They ate bread made without yeast and roasted grain. (12) The next morning, the manna from heaven stopped coming. This happened the first day after the people ate the food that grew in the land of Canaan. From that time on, the Israelites did not get the manna from heaven.
Then God told Moses to collect an omer of manna and store it in a jar in the Ark of the Covenant. Since God told him to do that, then I can imagine that if we found the Ark of the Covenant and opened it and saw a jar inside, we would open it to find it fresh like when it was collected. It was to be a sign that would bring to their memory the story of how God had supernaturally provided for them in the wilderness. All of us have triggers that recall memories. It's the way it works. I can be walking on a hot summer's day and catch a whiff of honeysuckle and it takes me back to memories o childhood summers, bare feet and the sound of crickets. The honeysuckle is a trigger. Same with gravestones. They are to remind us, memorialize our loved one and trigger memories and stories. God wanted the Israelites to remember how He had miraculously provided food for them so He told Moses to store some manna in a jar and keep it in the Ark of the Covenant.
Unfortunately, the Ark of the Covenant went missing. In 587 BC, the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and Solomon's Temple. There is no record of what became of the Ark in the Books of Kings and Chronicles. An ancient Greek version of the biblical third Book of Ezra, 1 Esdras, suggests that Babylonians took away the vessels of the ark of God, but does not mention the Ark specifically. 1 Esdras, is an ancient Greek version of the biblical Book of Ezra in use among the early church, and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity.
According to Second Maccabees, at the beginning of chapter 2:
The records show that it was the prophet Jeremiah who ... prompted by a divine message ... gave orders that the Tent of Meeting and the ark should go with him. Then he went away to the mountain from the top of which Moses saw God's promised land. When he reached the mountain, Jeremiah found a cave-dwelling; he carried the tent, the ark, and the incense-altar into it, then blocked up the entrance. Some of his companions came to mark out the way, but were unable to find it. When Jeremiah learnt of this he reprimanded them. "The place shall remain unknown", he said, "until God finally gathers his people together and shows mercy to them. The Lord will bring these things to light again, and the glory of the Lord will appear with the cloud, as it was seen both in the time of Moses and when Solomon prayed that the shrine might be worthily consecrated."
Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider Second Maccabees to be canonical and part of the Bible. Protestants and Jews reject most of the doctrinal issues present in the work. Some Protestants include 2 Maccabees as part of the Biblical Apocrypha.
Suffice it to say that God alone knows where the Ark of the Covenant and it's contents are today. It's been hidden for thousands of years now.
Why do we need to know anything about manna today? What has the manna of thousands of years ago have to do with us today? Why are we studying ancient history?
John 6:30-71 (CEV) They replied, "What miracle will you work, so that we can have faith in you? What will you do? (31) For example, when our ancestors were in the desert, they were given manna to eat. It happened just as the Scriptures say, 'God gave them bread from heaven to eat.'" (32) Jesus then told them, "I tell you for certain that Moses wasn't the one who gave you bread from heaven. My Father is the one who gives you the true bread from heaven. (33) And the bread that God gives is the one who came down from heaven to give life to the world." (34) The people said, "Lord, give us this bread and don't ever stop!" (35) Jesus replied: I am the bread that gives life! No one who comes to me will ever be hungry. No one who has faith in me will ever be thirsty. (36) I have told you already that you have seen me and still do not have faith in me. (37) Everything and everyone that the Father has given me will come to me, and I won't turn any of them away. (38) I didn't come from heaven to do what I want! I came to do what the Father wants me to do. He sent me, (39) and he wants to make certain that none of the ones he has given me will be lost. Instead, he wants me to raise them to life on the last day. (40) My Father wants everyone who sees the Son to have faith in him and to have eternal life. Then I will raise them to life on the last day. (41) The people started grumbling because Jesus had said he was the bread that had come down from heaven. (42) They were asking each other, "Isn't he Jesus, the son of Joseph? Don't we know his father and mother? How can he say that he has come down from heaven?" (43) Jesus told them: Stop grumbling! (44) No one can come to me, unless the Father who sent me makes them want to come. But if they do come, I will raise them to life on the last day. (45) One of the prophets wrote, "God will teach all of them." And so everyone who listens to the Father and learns from him will come to me. (46) The only one who has seen the Father is the one who has come from him. No one else has ever seen the Father. (47) I tell you for certain that everyone who has faith in me has eternal life. (48) I am the bread that gives life! (49) Your ancestors ate manna in the desert, and later they died. (50) But the bread from heaven has come down, so that no one who eats it will ever die. (51) I am that bread from heaven! Everyone who eats it will live forever. My flesh is the life-giving bread that I give to the people of this world. (52) They started arguing with each other and asked, "How can he give us his flesh to eat?" (53) Jesus answered: I tell you for certain that you won't live unless you eat the flesh and drink the blood of the Son of Man. (54) But if you do eat my flesh and drink my blood, you will have eternal life, and I will raise you to life on the last day. (55) My flesh is the true food, and my blood is the true drink. (56) If you eat my flesh and drink my blood, you are one with me, and I am one with you. (57) The living Father sent me, and I have life because of him. Now everyone who eats my flesh will live because of me. (58) The bread that comes down from heaven isn't like what your ancestors ate. They died, but whoever eats this bread will live forever.
Jesus declares that He is the Bread of Life, the true Manna! Manna was a type of Christ. A "type" is a person or thing symbolizing or exemplifying the ideal or defining characteristics of something. When something is considered a "type of Christ" it means that something gave a foreshadowing of Christ. It makes me think of looking through a blurry telescope. I see something that is the shape of a tree and I would say, "That looks like a tree." Not because I can clearly see it. I will need to adjust the telescope to get a clearer picture. But from all indications, what I'm seeing looks like a tree. Well, there are lots of types of Christ in the Old Testament. For instance, the manna was God's way of giving the Israelites a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ. A type is a special kind of symbolism.
The manna came down as the people camped in the Wilderness of Sin at Elim just as Jesus came down to us as we reside in sin. It was a special gift from God just as Jesus is a special gift from God. He came down from heaven, like manna came down from heaven. God supernaturally provided manna for the Israelites to eat, it was just what they needed to have a healthy life. God supernaturally provided Jesus for us and He was just what we needed for eternal life! We are not saved by anything we do! We cannot work for our salvation. Neither did the Israelites have to work for the manna that fell freely from heaven. The Israelites didn't deserve God's providence but out of His mercy and love, He sent them manna. We are sinners and do not deserve the gift of salvation through Jesus Christ but in His mercy and love, He sent His Son to save us.
Romans 5:6-8 (CEV) Christ died for us at a time when we were helpless and sinful. (7) No one is really willing to die for an honest person, though someone might be willing to die for a truly good person. (8) But God showed how much he loved us by having Christ die for us, even though we were sinful.
Manna was gathered in the morning before the sun grew hot and melted it. In the Parable of the Sower (Matthew 13:1-9), Jesus said the Sower would sow seeds but where the seed fell resulted in whether it took root, matured and brought forth fruit.
Matthew 13:5-6 (CEV) Other seeds fell on thin, rocky ground and quickly started growing because the soil wasn't very deep. (6) But when the sun came up, the plants were scorched and dried up, because they did not have enough roots.
Jesus, Himself, explained the Parable of the Sower in Matthew 13:18-23. For the verses of 5-6, Jesus explained it this way:
Matthew 13:20-21 (CEV) The seeds that fell on rocky ground are the people who gladly hear the message and accept it right away. (21) But they don't have deep roots, and they don't last very long. As soon as life gets hard or the message gets them in trouble, they give up.
Hosea 6:4 (CEV) People of Israel and Judah, what can I do with you? Your love for me disappears more quickly than mist or dew at sunrise.
Appetite determined the amount given. Each person collected based on their appetite and desire for the day. How much of Christ do you want? If you want little of Christ, little is given. If your appetite increases and you desire more of Christ, more is given! We cannot be disappointed. We will never be disappointed. We will not be spiritually hungry or starved. If we want Him, we have Him!
Psalm 81:10 (MKJV) I am Jehovah your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt; open your mouth wide, and I will fill it.
Sin blinds us and the things of this world get in the way and it obscures our spiritual sight. We may not see the beauty of the Lord and His perfection. But the more we see of Him, the more we want Him and the more He gives of Himself to us.
The manna was ground or boiled to process. Jesus was wounded, bruised, chastised, beaten, whipped for us! To save us, He was ground and chewed up.
Isaiah 53:2-7 (MKJV) For He comes up before Him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground; He has no form nor majesty that we should see Him, nor an appearance that we should desire Him. (3) He is despised and rejected of men; a Man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief; and as it were a hiding of faces from Him, He being despised, and we esteemed Him not. (4) Surely He has borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed Him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. (5) But He was wounded for our transgressions; He was bruised for our iniquities; the chastisement of our peace was on Him; and with His stripes we ourselves are healed. (6) All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned, each one to his own way; and Jehovah has laid on Him the iniquity of us all. (7) He was oppressed, and He was afflicted; yet He opened not His mouth. He is brought as a lamb to the slaughter; and as a sheep before its shearers is dumb, so He opened not His mouth.
Manna was said to taste sweet like honey.
Psalm 34:8 (King James Version - KJV) O taste and see that the LORD is good: blessed is the man that trusteth in him.
Psalm 119:103 (KJV) How sweet are thy words unto my taste! yea, sweeter than honey to my mouth!
1 Peter 2:2-3 (ERV) Like newborn babies hungry for milk, you should want the pure teaching that feeds your spirit. With it you can grow up and be saved. (3) You have already tasted the goodness of the Lord.
The manna had to be gathered by individuals who went out each day to gather baskets of manna to get them through the day. They had to kneel to collect it as we have to kneel in humility to accept the gift of salvation through Jesus. Salvation through Jesus Christ was a gift but it must be individually accepted. Each of us have a responsibility for accepting, or rejecting, the free gift of provision for our salvation. I cannot pray you into heaven, I can only pray for myself and accept His gift.
The dew fell, then the manna fell on the dew and then another dew fell on the manna. This means the manna didn't fall on the dirt. Jesus was born as fully man and fully God. He was a man from Mary's side and God from God's side. God implanted the divine seed within Mary. Why is this important? Because it means that though Jesus was fully human, He was a human without sin and was fully God too. Son of Man, Son of God. Because He was man, He could die in our place and pay our price for sin. Because He was God, He could live a sinless life and be the perfect sacrifice. The dirt, or dust, of the ground represents humanity, sinful humanity. The Word became flesh, but in His humanity the Lord Jesus did not share our corrupt nature. His humanity was encapsulated in the divine. He came as a servant, but the body which was prepared for Him (Hebrews 10:5) did not belong to the "dust" of this earth. He was God Man. The manna was white, the color of purity.
Jesus was crucified and laid in a grave until He was resurrected. But His body was preserved, it did not decay or rot or become full of maggots. Jesus was raised incorruptible with His glorified body intact! Manna would become wormy and decay if held more than one day, but, miraculously, on the Sabbath the manna would remain fresh. Guess which day Jesus arose? On the Sabbath!
Psalm 16:9-11 (ERV) So my heart and soul will be very happy. Even my body will live in safety, (10) because you will not leave me in the place of death. You will not let your faithful one rot in the grave. (11) You will teach me the right way to live. Just being with you will bring complete happiness. Being at your right side will make me happy forever.
Hidden manna:
Revelation 2:17 (KJV) He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes I will give to eat of the hidden manna
Finally, God commanded Moses to collect an omer of manna and keep it in a gold jar in the Ark of the Covenant. The gold jar represents the deity and glory of God in Jesus. And the Ark of the Covenant has been missing for centuries. Jesus, as the Bread of Life, ascended to Heaven where we can no longer see Him with our eyes or touch Him with our hands. He is hidden in heaven at the right hand of God. He will remain there until the days are fulfilled and God deems it's time for Him to return and He will be manifested before all the world.
Revelation 1:7 (KJV) Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen.
Romans 14:11 (KJV) For it is written, "As I live, says the Lord, every knee shall bow to Me, and every tongue shall confess to God."
I don't know about you but it excites me to learn about these things. It makes me hunger for more of the Word! For more of Christ! The more I study, the more I learn how every word of the Bible is truth.
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